老年驾驶员机动车碰撞事故中的视觉和医学风险因素。
Visual and medical risk factors for motor vehicle collision involvement among older drivers.
作者信息
Cross J M, McGwin G, Rubin G S, Ball K K, West S K, Roenker D L, Owsley C
机构信息
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 700 S. 18th Street, Suite 609, Birmingham, AL 35294-0009, USA.
出版信息
Br J Ophthalmol. 2009 Mar;93(3):400-4. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2008.144584. Epub 2008 Nov 19.
AIMS
To identify visual and medical risk factors for motor vehicle collisions (MVCs).
METHODS
Data from four cohorts of older drivers from three states were pooled (n = 3158). Health information was collected at baseline, and MVC data were obtained prospectively. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for associations between medical characteristics and MVCs.
RESULTS
A total of 363 MVCs were observed during the study period (1990-1997), of which 145 were at fault, and 62 were injurious. Falls and impaired useful field of view (UFOV) were positively associated with overall MVCs. At-fault MVCs were also positively associated with falls and UFOV impairment, and inversely with cancer. Injurious MVCs were positively associated with arthritis and neurological disease, and inversely with hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings show similarities and differences across the risk factors for all, at-fault and injurious MVCs, and point to the need for verification and possible interventions.
目的
确定机动车碰撞事故（MVC）的视觉和医学风险因素。
方法
汇总来自三个州的四个老年驾驶员队列的数据（n = 3158）。在基线时收集健康信息，并前瞻性地获取MVC数据。采用Cox比例风险回归来估计医学特征与MVC之间关联的率比（RRs）和95%置信区间（CIs）。
结果
在研究期间（1990 - 1997年）共观察到363起MVC，其中145起驾驶员有过错，62起导致人员受伤。跌倒和有用视野（UFOV）受损与总体MVC呈正相关。有过错的MVC也与跌倒和UFOV受损呈正相关，与癌症呈负相关。致伤的MVC与关节炎和神经疾病呈正相关，与高血压呈负相关。
结论
这些发现显示了所有MVC、有过错的MVC和致伤的MVC在风险因素方面的异同，并指出需要进行验证和可能的干预。
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