Mongillo Elizabeth A, Briggs-Gowan Margaret, Ford Julian D, Carter Alice S
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2009 May;37(4):455-68. doi: 10.1007/s10802-008-9283-z.
Toddlers may be at particularly high risk for a number of psychiatric, developmental and neurobiological consequences in the aftermath of trauma. The social and emotional impact of potentially traumatic life events experienced between 6 and 36-months of age was assessed in an epidemiological birth cohort of 18- to 36-month-olds from the Greater New Haven Area. Event-exposed toddlers evidenced greater symptom severity on the ITSEA Internalizing, Externalizing, Dysregulation, Atypical and Maladaptive scales, as well on the CBCL Internalizing and Externalizing scales than those not exposed. Approximately one-fifth of event-exposed toddlers were reported by their parents to have experienced a dramatic change in functioning following the event, and were described as experiencing higher levels of symptoms consistent with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), namely re-experiencing and arousal, than exposed toddlers whose parents did not report a change in their functioning. Implications for clinicians and child care providers working with toddlers and their parents are discussed.
幼儿在经历创伤后，可能面临一系列精神、发育和神经生物学后果的特别高风险。在一个来自大纽黑文地区18至36个月大儿童的出生队列研究中，评估了6至36个月大儿童经历的潜在创伤性生活事件的社会和情感影响。与未暴露于事件的幼儿相比，暴露于事件的幼儿在ITSEA内化、外化、失调、非典型和适应不良量表以及CBCL内化和外化量表上表现出更严重的症状。约五分之一暴露于事件的幼儿被其父母报告在事件后功能发生了显著变化，且被描述为经历了与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）相符的更高水平症状，即再次体验和唤醒，而其父母未报告功能变化的暴露幼儿则不然。文中还讨论了对与幼儿及其父母打交道的临床医生和儿童护理人员的启示。
