Bosmans Mark W G, van der Velden Peter G
INTERVICT, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
INTERVICT, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
Soc Sci Med. 2015 Jun;134:23-9. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.007. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
Trauma-related coping self-efficacy (CSE), the perceived capability to manage one's personal functioning and the myriad environmental demands of the aftermath of potentially traumatic events (PTE), has been shown to affect psychological outcomes after these events. Aim of the present four-wave study was to examine the cross-lagged relationships between CSE and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following PTEs in order to examine direction of influence. Levels of CSE and PTSD symptoms were measured with 4-month intervals. In addition, prospectively assessed personality traits and general self-efficacy perceptions as well as peritraumatic distress were entered in the analyses. The study sample consists of adult respondents of a representative internet panel who experienced PTE in the six months before T1, and did not experience any new PTE or life event between T1 and T3 (N = 400). Respondents were administered the coping self-efficacy scale (CSE-7), impact of event scale (IES) and arousal items of IES-R at each wave (T1 through T3), as well as questions on peritraumatic stress and prospectively measured personality traits (T0). Results of structural equation modeling showed that the effect of CSE on subsequent PTSD symptom levels was dominant. CSE significantly predicted subsequent symptoms, over and above earlier symptom levels, with higher CSE associated with lower PTSD. Symptoms in turn, did not predict subsequent levels of CSE. Higher peritraumatic distress was associated with both higher initial PTSD symptoms and lower initial CSE levels. Higher levels of the personality traits of emotional stability and agreeableness were associated with higher initial CSE levels. This supports a model in which CSE perceptions play an important role in recovery from trauma.
创伤相关应对自我效能感（CSE）是指个体对管理自身功能以及应对潜在创伤性事件（PTE）后果所带来的众多环境需求的感知能力，已被证明会影响这些事件后的心理结果。本四波研究的目的是检验PTE后CSE与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状之间的交叉滞后关系，以确定影响方向。CSE和PTSD症状水平每隔4个月测量一次。此外，分析中纳入了前瞻性评估的人格特质、一般自我效能感认知以及创伤期间的痛苦程度。研究样本由一个具有代表性的互联网面板中的成年受访者组成，他们在T1前六个月经历了PTE，并且在T1和T3之间没有经历任何新的PTE或生活事件（N = 400）。在每一波（T1至T3），受访者都要接受应对自我效能量表（CSE - 7）、事件影响量表（IES）和IES - R的唤醒项目，以及关于创伤期间应激和前瞻性测量的人格特质的问题（T0）。结构方程建模结果表明，CSE对后续PTSD症状水平的影响占主导地位。CSE显著预测了后续症状，除了早期症状水平之外，CSE越高，PTSD越低。反过来，症状并不能预测后续的CSE水平。更高的创伤期间痛苦程度与更高的初始PTSD症状和更低的初始CSE水平相关。更高水平的情绪稳定性和宜人性人格特质与更高的初始CSE水平相关。这支持了一个模型，即CSE认知在创伤恢复中起重要作用。
