Johansen Anders, Pedersen Anette L, Jensen Keld A, Karlson Ulrich, Hansen Bjarne M, Scott-Fordsmand Janeck J, Winding Anne
Department of Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008 Sep;27(9):1895-903. doi: 10.1897/07-375.1.
Nanotechnology should produce numerous new materials in the coming years. Because of the novel design of nanomaterials with new physicochemical characteristics, their potential adverse impact on the environment and human health must be addressed. In the present study, agglomerates of pristine C60 fullerenes (50 nm to microm-size) were applied to soil at 0, 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg dry soil to assess their effect on the soil microbiota by measuring total respiration; biomass, number, and diversity of bacteria; and total number and diversity of protozoans during 14 d. Respiration and microbial biomass were unaffected by the fullerenes at any time, whereas the number of fast-growing bacteria was decreased by three- to fourfold just after incorporation of the nanomaterial. Protozoans seemed not to be very sensitive to C60, because their number decreased only slightly in the beginning of the experiment. With polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of eubacteria and kinetoplastids from the soil, however, a difference between the fullerene treatments and nonamended controls was demonstrated. The fullerenes did not induce more than 20 to 30% of relative dissimilarity (with both bacteria and protozoans) between treatments, but this effect was persistent throughout the experiment. It therefore is recommended that fullerene nanomaterial not be spread deliberately in the environment and that their ecotoxicology be further clarified.
在未来几年，纳米技术将生产出大量新材料。由于具有新物理化学特性的纳米材料设计新颖，必须关注它们对环境和人类健康的潜在不利影响。在本研究中，将原始C60富勒烯团聚体（50纳米至微米大小）以0、5、25和50毫克/千克干土的用量施用于土壤，通过在14天内测量总呼吸作用、细菌的生物量、数量和多样性以及原生动物的总数和多样性，来评估其对土壤微生物群的影响。在任何时候，富勒烯对呼吸作用和微生物生物量均无影响，而在纳米材料加入后，快速生长细菌的数量立即减少了三到四倍。原生动物似乎对C60不太敏感，因为在实验开始时其数量仅略有下降。然而，通过对土壤中的真细菌和动基体进行聚合酶链反应和变性梯度凝胶电泳分析，发现富勒烯处理组与未添加对照组之间存在差异。富勒烯在各处理之间（细菌和原生动物方面）所引起的相对差异不超过20%至30%，但这种影响在整个实验过程中持续存在。因此，建议不要将富勒烯纳米材料故意散布到环境中，并且需要进一步阐明它们的生态毒理学。
