Omena Leila Maria F, Silva Milton F de A, Pinheiro Cleone Calheiros, Cavalcante Jairo C, Sampaio Fábio Correia
Laboratory of Preventive Dentistry - Department of Dentistry - Federal University of Alagoas - Brazil.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2006 Oct;14(5):382-7. doi: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000500015.
To assess fluoride (F-) intake from water and toothpaste by children aged 18 to 36 months and to monitor the F- concentrations in the drinking water system in a tropical city of Brazil.
Children (n=58) aged 18-36 months, all lifetime residents of Penedo, state of Alagoas, Brazil, participated in this study. Water F- analyses were carried out in 7 different occasions at least a week apart. For 2 days all the water drunk by each child was accounted for. Fluoride intake from water for each child was estimated using the mean F- concentration of water in 7 different occasions. Fluoride intake from toothpaste was estimated by subtracting the recovered post-brushing F- from the original amount placed in the toothbrush. The F- intake from water and toothpaste was estimated by dividing the total amount of F- ingested by the weight of each child.
The mean F- concentration in the drinking water was 0.94 ppm (mean range 0.78-1.1 ppm), which is above the 0.7 ppm recommended for this area of Brazil. Mean total F- intake from water and toothpaste was 0.128 mg F-/Kg Body Weight/day. The daily means of F- intake from water and toothpaste were 0.021 and 0.107 mg F-/Kg Body Weight, respectively. Ninety six percent of children showed F- intake above 0.07 mg F-/Kg Body Weight/day.
Children in Penedo are at risk for developing dental fluorosis due to high F- intake from fluoridated toothpastes. Water fluoridation showed low contribution to the total F- intake. However, high water F- concentrations in the water indicate the need of surveillance of the artificial water fluoridation system.
评估18至36个月大儿童通过饮水和牙膏摄入氟化物（F-）的情况，并监测巴西一个热带城市饮用水系统中的F-浓度。
18 - 36个月大的儿童（n = 58）参与了本研究，他们均为巴西阿拉戈斯州佩内多的常住居民。在至少相隔一周的7个不同时间点进行了水F-分析。在2天内记录每个儿童饮用的所有水。使用7个不同时间点水的平均F-浓度估算每个儿童从水中摄入的氟化物量。通过从牙刷中最初放置的氟化物量中减去刷牙后回收的F-来估算从牙膏中摄入的氟化物量。通过将摄入的F-总量除以每个儿童的体重来估算从水和牙膏中摄入的F-量。
饮用水中的平均F-浓度为0.94 ppm（平均范围0.78 - 1.1 ppm），高于巴西该地区推荐的0.7 ppm。从水和牙膏中摄入的F-总量平均为0.128 mg F-/千克体重/天。从水和牙膏中摄入F-的每日平均值分别为0.021和0.107 mg F-/千克体重。96%的儿童F-摄入量高于0.07 mg F-/千克体重/天。
由于从含氟牙膏中摄入大量F-，佩内多的儿童有患氟斑牙的风险。水氟化对总F-摄入量的贡献较低。然而，水中高F-浓度表明需要对人工水氟化系统进行监测。
