Office for Post-Graduation and Research, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Center for Research in Biodiversity, Extraction Laboratory, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2014 Apr;22(2):91-7. doi: 10.1590/1678-775720130366.
Caries is a global public health problem, whose control requires the introduction of low-cost treatments, such as strong prevention strategies, minimally invasive techniques and chemical prevention agents. Nature plays an important role as a source of new antibacterial substances that can be used in the prevention of caries, and Brazil is the richest country in terms of biodiversity.
In this study, the disk diffusion method (DDM) was used to screen over 2,000 Brazilian Amazon plant extracts against Streptococcus mutans.
Seventeen active plant extracts were identified and fractionated. Extracts and their fractions, obtained by liquid-liquid partition, were tested in the DDM assay and in the microdilution broth assay (MBA) to determine their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The extracts were also subjected to antioxidant analysis by thin layer chromatography.
EB271, obtained from Casearia spruceana, showed significant activity against the bacterium in the DDM assay (20.67±0.52 mm), as did EB1129, obtained from Psychotria sp. (Rubiaceae) (15.04±2.29 mm). EB1493, obtained from Ipomoea alba, was the only extract to show strong activity against Streptococcus mutans (0.08 mg/mL<MIC<0.16 mg/mL; MBC=0.16 mg/mL) in the MBA.
The active extracts, discovered in the Amazon rain forest, show potential as sources of new antibacterial agents for use as chemical coadjuvants in prevention strategies to treat caries.
龋齿是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，其控制需要引入低成本的治疗方法，如强预防策略、微创技术和化学预防剂。大自然作为新的抗菌物质的来源起着重要作用，这些物质可用于预防龋齿，而巴西在生物多样性方面是最丰富的国家。
在这项研究中，使用圆盘扩散法（DDM）对 2000 多种巴西亚马逊植物提取物进行了抗变异链球菌的筛选。
鉴定并分离了 17 种活性植物提取物。通过液-液萃取法获得的提取物及其馏分，在 DDM 测定法和微量稀释肉汤测定法（MBA）中进行了测试，以确定其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。提取物还通过薄层色谱法进行了抗氧化分析。
从山桂花中提取的 EB271 和从Psychotria sp.（茜草科）中提取的 EB1129 在 DDM 测定法中对该细菌显示出显著的活性（20.67±0.52mm）。从 Ipomoea alba 中提取的 EB1493 是唯一在 MBA 中对变异链球菌表现出强活性的提取物（0.08mg/mL<MIC<0.16mg/mL；MBC=0.16mg/mL）。
在亚马逊雨林中发现的活性提取物可能是新的抗菌剂的来源，可作为化学佐剂用于预防龋齿的治疗策略。
