Sörensen Silvia, Duberstein Paul R, Chapman Benjamin, Lyness Jeffrey M, Pinquart Martin
Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008 Nov;63(6):P328-36. doi: 10.1093/geronb/63.6.p328.
We investigated associations between personality and health cognitions and behaviors related to preparation for future care among 355 primary care patients who were 65 years of age and older. Path analyses examined the effects of the personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness on health cognitions about future care (avoidance, awareness), health-planning behaviors (gathering information, decision making, and planning), and beliefs about planning, while covarying age, gender, education, medical burden, functional status, and depression-symptom severity. Higher levels of neuroticism, openness, and agreeableness were associated with greater awareness of care needs; higher openness was also associated with more gathering of information and less avoidance. Extraversion and conscientiousness were not related to future-oriented health cognitions. Depression was inversely associated with the gathering of information. Age and education were related to more positive beliefs about the planning. Neither concrete planning nor decision making were related to personality variables. Health professionals should consider the impact of individual differences when addressing preparation for future care with older adults.
我们调查了355名65岁及以上的初级保健患者的人格与健康认知以及与未来护理准备相关的行为之间的关联。路径分析检验了神经质、外向性、经验开放性、宜人性和尽责性等人格特质对未来护理健康认知（回避、意识）、健康规划行为（收集信息、决策和规划）以及规划信念的影响，同时对年龄、性别、教育程度、医疗负担、功能状态和抑郁症状严重程度进行了协变量分析。较高水平的神经质、开放性和宜人性与对护理需求的更高意识相关；较高的开放性还与更多的信息收集和更少的回避相关。外向性和尽责性与面向未来的健康认知无关。抑郁与信息收集呈负相关。年龄和教育程度与对规划的更积极信念相关。具体规划和决策均与人格变量无关。在与老年人讨论未来护理准备时，卫生专业人员应考虑个体差异的影响。
