Benetto Enrico, Nguyen Diep, Lohmann Torben, Schmitt Bianca, Schosseler Paul
CRP H. Tudor/CRTE, 66 rue de Luxembourg, BP 144 - L-4002 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Feb 15;407(5):1506-16. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.016. Epub 2008 Dec 17.
Ecological sanitation (EcoSan) concepts, relying on an environmentally sound management of water, nutrient and energy fluxes, have been poorly characterized in literature and are widely ignored by public planning authorities, architects or engineers. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of an EcoSan system at an office building and of conventional systems was carried out in order to provide practical data and information to (partially) fill this gap. Compared to conventional systems, EcoSan can reduce the contribution to ecosystem quality damage by more than 60%. EcoSan leads, however, to higher damages on resources and human health and higher impact on climate change. Key improvement possibilities and research needs related to these results are discussed throughout the paper. Ecological sanitation appears to be a promising alternative to small-scale wastewater treatment. At higher scales, low water consumption conventional systems are better performing and are not likely to be replaced by EcoSan systems in the short term. Standard conventional systems have very poor environmental performances and should be upgraded as far as possible.
生态卫生（EcoSan）概念依赖于对水、养分和能量通量进行环境友好型管理，在文献中鲜有描述，且被公共规划部门、建筑师或工程师广泛忽视。为了提供实际数据和信息以（部分）填补这一空白，对一座办公楼的生态卫生系统和传统系统进行了比较生命周期评估（LCA）。与传统系统相比，生态卫生可将对生态系统质量损害的贡献降低60%以上。然而，生态卫生会导致对资源和人类健康的更大损害以及对气候变化的更大影响。本文通篇讨论了与这些结果相关的关键改进可能性和研究需求。生态卫生似乎是小规模废水处理的一个有前景的替代方案。在更大规模上，低耗水传统系统表现更佳，短期内不太可能被生态卫生系统取代。标准传统系统的环境绩效很差，应尽可能进行升级。
