Lemke B N
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison 53792.
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991;7(3):158-66. doi: 10.1097/00002341-199109000-00002.
A series of anatomically correct orbital drawings are created to examine the major integrating factors that determine upper eyelid position on the eye. The principal upper eyelid force planes can be identified as (1) the eyelid vertical retractor plane slightly divergent from the orbital axis, (2) the eyelid protractor plane nearly tangent to the orbital aperture, and (3) the upper eyelid tarsalligamentous plane swinging from within the horizontal orbital rims. These forces are governed by variation in orbital size and shape, globe size and position, and the length-tension characteristics of the eyelid retractors, protractors, and lamellae. Enhanced lateral upper eyelid retraction occurs in part because the eye in primary position looks away from the orbital axis and projects more lateral sclera. When the eye gazes laterally, coincident with the orbital axis, enhanced lateral upper eyelid retraction disappears.
绘制了一系列解剖学上正确的眼眶图，以研究决定上睑在眼球上位置的主要整合因素。主要的上睑力平面可确定为：（1）与眼眶轴略有分歧的眼睑垂直牵开平面；（2）几乎与眶口相切的眼睑前牵平面；（3）从水平眶缘内摆动的上睑睑板韧带平面。这些力受眼眶大小和形状、眼球大小和位置以及眼睑牵开肌、前牵肌和板层的长度 - 张力特性变化的影响。上睑外侧退缩增强部分是因为处于初始位置的眼球偏离眼眶轴，露出更多外侧巩膜。当眼球向外侧注视，与眼眶轴一致时，上睑外侧退缩增强现象消失。
