Lang Russell, Rispoli Mandy, Machalicek Wendy, White Pamela J, Kang Soyeon, Pierce Nigel, Mulloy Austin, Fragale Tina, O'Reilly Mark, Sigafoos Jeff, Lancioni Giulio
The Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Res Dev Disabil. 2009 Jul-Aug;30(4):670-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.11.003. Epub 2008 Dec 31.
We reviewed studies involving the treatment of elopement in individuals with developmental disabilities. Systematic searches of three electronic databases, journals, and reference lists identified 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies were evaluated in terms of: (a) participants, (b) procedures used to assess elopement, (c) intervention procedures, (d) results of the intervention, and (e) certainty of evidence. Across the 10 studies, intervention was provided to a total of 53 participants aged 3-47 years. Assessment procedures included anecdotal staff reports, participant interviews, direct observation, and modified analog functional analysis. Intervention approaches included differential reinforcement, extinction, functional communication training, response blocking, non-contingent reinforcement, shaping, and scheduled exercise. Positive outcomes were reported in 80% of the reviewed studies. The evidence base suggests that function-based assessment (e.g. functional analysis procedures) and function-based treatments (e.g. functional communication training) may be most effective in the treatment of elopement in this population. Directions for future research are offered.
我们回顾了有关发育障碍个体出走行为治疗的研究。通过对三个电子数据库、期刊及参考文献列表进行系统检索，确定了10项符合纳入标准的研究。这些研究从以下方面进行评估：(a)参与者；(b)用于评估出走行为的程序；(c)干预程序；(d)干预结果；(e)证据的确定性。在这10项研究中，共对53名年龄在3至47岁的参与者进行了干预。评估程序包括工作人员的轶事报告、参与者访谈、直接观察以及改良的模拟功能分析。干预方法包括差别强化、消退、功能性沟通训练、反应阻断、非连续性强化、塑造及定期锻炼。80%的回顾研究报告了积极的结果。证据表明，基于功能的评估（如功能分析程序）和基于功能的治疗（如功能性沟通训练）可能对该人群的出走行为治疗最为有效。同时给出了未来研究的方向。
