Singh A, Kumar P K
Institut für Technische Chemie, Universität Hannover, Germany.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 1991;11(2):129-47. doi: 10.3109/07388559109040619.
Fermentation of lignocellulosic materials to ethanol and other solvents provides an alternative way of treating wastes and producing chemical feedstocks and fuel additives. Considerable efforts have been made in past 10 years to improve the process based on lignocellulosic biomass and hydrolysate that contains a complex mixture of sugars, decomposition products of sugars, and sometimes the inhibitory levels of soluble lignin. Despite the relative abundance of D-xylose in crop and forest residues it has not been found efficiently fermentable by most of the microorganisms. Recent research has revealed that D-xylose may be fermented to ethanol and organic acids. Recently, several strains of Fusarium oxysporum have been found to have potential for converting not only D-xylose, but also cellulose to ethanol in a one-step process. Distinguishing features of F. oxysporum for ethanol production in comparison to other organisms are identified. These include the advantage of in situ cellulase production and cellulose fermentation, pentose fermentation, and the tolerance of sugars and ethanol. The main disadvantage is the slow conversion rate when compared with yeast.
将木质纤维素材料发酵为乙醇和其他溶剂，为处理废物以及生产化学原料和燃料添加剂提供了一种替代方法。在过去十年中，人们为改进基于木质纤维素生物质和水解产物（其中含有糖的复杂混合物、糖的分解产物，有时还含有抑制性水平的可溶性木质素）的工艺付出了巨大努力。尽管作物和森林残留物中D-木糖相对丰富，但大多数微生物都无法有效地将其发酵。最近的研究表明，D-木糖可以发酵为乙醇和有机酸。最近，已发现几种尖孢镰刀菌菌株不仅具有将D-木糖，还具有将纤维素一步转化为乙醇的潜力。确定了尖孢镰刀菌与其他生物相比在乙醇生产方面的显著特征。这些特征包括原位产生纤维素酶和纤维素发酵、戊糖发酵以及对糖和乙醇的耐受性等优势。主要缺点是与酵母相比转化率较低。
