Robinson Whitney R, Gordon-Larsen Penny, Kaufman Jay S, Suchindran Chirayath M, Stevens June
Department of Epidemiology and the Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Apr;89(4):1204-12. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2007.25751. Epub 2009 Feb 3.
In the United States, black women are at much greater risk of obesity than are black men. Little is known about the factors underlying this disparity.
We explored whether childhood sociodemographic factors (parental education, single-mother household, number of siblings, number of minors in household, birth order, and female caregiver's age) were associated with the gender disparity in obesity prevalence in young black adults in the United States.
An analytic data set (n = 7747) was constructed from the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Childhood sociodemographic factors were assessed in 1994-1995 in nonimmigrant black and white youths aged 11-19 y. Obesity was assessed in 2001-2002. For each childhood sociodemographic factor, we evaluated whether the prevalence difference (female obesity minus male obesity) was modified by the factor. We described the contribution of each variable category to the overall prevalence difference.
In unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted models, parental education consistently modified gender disparity in blacks (P = 0.01). The gender gap was largest with low parental education (16.7% of men compared with 45.4% of women were obese) and smallest with high parental education (28.5% of men compared with 31.4% of women were obese). In whites, there was little overall gender difference in obesity prevalence.
To our knowledge, this was the first study to document that the gender disparity in obesity prevalence in young black adults is concentrated in families with low parental education. In these low-socioeconomic-status families, obesity development is either under the control of distinct mechanisms in each gender, or men and women from these households adopt different obesity-related behaviors.
在美国，黑人女性患肥胖症的风险比黑人男性高得多。关于这种差异背后的因素，人们知之甚少。
我们探讨了儿童社会人口学因素（父母教育程度、单亲家庭、兄弟姐妹数量、家庭中未成年人数量、出生顺序以及女性照料者年龄）是否与美国年轻黑人成年人肥胖患病率的性别差异有关。
从具有全国代表性的青少年健康纵向研究中构建了一个分析数据集（n = 7747）。1994 - 1995年对11 - 19岁的非移民黑人和白人青少年的儿童社会人口学因素进行了评估。2001 - 2002年对肥胖情况进行了评估。对于每个儿童社会人口学因素，我们评估了患病率差异（女性肥胖率减去男性肥胖率）是否因该因素而改变。我们描述了每个变量类别对总体患病率差异的贡献。
在未调整和多变量调整模型中，父母教育程度始终会改变黑人的性别差异（P = 0.01）。父母教育程度低时性别差距最大（肥胖男性占16.7%，肥胖女性占45.4%），父母教育程度高时性别差距最小（肥胖男性占28.5%，肥胖女性占31.4%）。在白人中，肥胖患病率总体上几乎没有性别差异。
据我们所知，这是第一项记录年轻黑人成年人肥胖患病率性别差异集中在父母教育程度低的家庭中的研究。在这些社会经济地位低的家庭中，肥胖的发展要么受每种性别的不同机制控制，要么这些家庭中的男性和女性采取了不同的与肥胖相关的行为。
