Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Nov;103(11):1105-12. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.01.006. Epub 2009 Feb 5.
Traditional environmental management programmes require extensive coverage of larval habitats to reduce drastically the emergence of adult mosquitoes. Recent studies have highlighted the impact of reduced availability of aquatic habitats on mosquito foraging for hosts and oviposition sites. In this study, we developed an agent-based model to track the status and movement of mosquitoes individually. Mosquito foraging was represented as a two-stage process: random flight when the resource was not within the mosquito's perception range and directional flight to the resource when it was detected. Three scenarios of targeted source reduction were devised to eliminate all aquatic habitats within certain distances of human habitations. For comparison, three non-targeted source reductions randomly eliminated the same numbers of aquatic habitats as their corresponding targeted scenarios. Our results show that the elimination of habitats within 100m, 200m and 300m of surrounding houses resulted in 13%, 91% and 94% reductions in malaria incidence, respectively; compared with -3%, 19% and 44%, respectively, for the corresponding conventional interventions. These findings indicate that source reduction might not require coverage of extensive areas, as previously thought, and that the distance to human habitations can be used for habitat targeting.
传统的环境管理方案需要广泛覆盖幼虫栖息地，以大幅减少成蚊的出现。最近的研究强调了水生栖息地减少对蚊子寻找宿主和产卵地点的影响。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个基于代理的模型来单独跟踪蚊子的状态和移动。蚊子觅食被表示为一个两阶段的过程：当资源不在蚊子的感知范围内时进行随机飞行，当检测到资源时进行定向飞行。设计了三种有针对性的源头减少方案，以消除人类住区一定距离内的所有水生栖息地。为了比较，三种非靶向源减少方案随机消除了与相应靶向方案相同数量的水生栖息地。我们的结果表明，消除周围房屋 100m、200m 和 300m 范围内的栖息地可分别将疟疾发病率降低 13%、91%和 94%；而相应的常规干预措施则分别降低了 3%、19%和 44%。这些发现表明，与之前的想法相反，源减少可能不需要覆盖广泛的区域，并且可以将与人类住区的距离用于栖息地定位。
