O'Brien Daniel J, Schmitt Stephen M, Lyashchenko Konstantin P, Waters W Ray, Berry Dale E, Palmer Mitchell V, McNair Jim, Greenwald Rena, Esfandiari Javan, Cosgrove Melinda K
Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 4125 Beaumont Rd., Room 250, Lansing, Michigan 48910-8106, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2009 Jan;45(1):153-64. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.153.
Surveillance and control activities related to bovine tuberculosis (TB) in free-ranging, Michigan white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been underway for over a decade, with significant progress. However, foci of higher TB prevalence on private lands and limited agency ability to eliminate them using broad control strategies have led to development and trial of new control strategies, such as live trapping, testing, and culling or release. Such strategies require a prompt, accurate live animal test, which has thus far been lacking. We report here the ability of seven candidate blood assays to determine the TB infection status of Michigan deer. Our aims were twofold: to characterize the accuracy of the tests using field-collected samples and to evaluate the feasibility of the tests for use in a test-and-cull strategy. Samples were collected from 760 deer obtained via five different surveys conducted between 2004 and 2007. Blood samples were subjected to one or more of the candidate blood assays and evaluated against the results of mycobacterial culture of the cranial lymph nodes. Sensitivities of the tests ranged from 46% to 68%, whereas specificities and negative predictive values were all >92%. Positive predictive values were highly variable. An exploratory analysis of associations among several host and sampling-related factors and the agreement between blood assay and culture results suggested these assays were minimally affected. This study demonstrated the capabilities and limitations of several available blood tests for Mycobacterium bovis on specimens obtained through a variety of field surveillance methods. Although these blood assays cannot replace mass culling, information on their performance may prove useful as wildlife disease managers develop innovative methods of detecting infected animals where mass culling is publicly unacceptable and cannot be used as a control strategy.
在密歇根州，针对自由放养的白尾鹿（弗吉尼亚鹿）开展的牛结核病监测与控制活动已经进行了十多年，并取得了显著进展。然而，私人土地上牛结核病患病率较高的疫源地，以及使用广泛控制策略消除这些疫源地的机构能力有限，导致了新控制策略的开发和试验，如活体诱捕、检测、扑杀或放归。此类策略需要一种快速、准确的活体动物检测方法，而目前一直缺乏这样的方法。我们在此报告七种候选血液检测方法用于确定密歇根州鹿群结核病感染状况的能力。我们的目标有两个：一是使用现场采集的样本描述检测方法的准确性，二是评估这些检测方法在检测与扑杀策略中使用的可行性。样本取自2004年至2007年期间通过五项不同调查获得的760只鹿。血液样本接受了一种或多种候选血液检测，并与颅淋巴结的分枝杆菌培养结果进行对照评估。检测方法的灵敏度在46%至68%之间，而特异性和阴性预测值均>92%。阳性预测值变化很大。对几个宿主和采样相关因素之间的关联以及血液检测与培养结果之间的一致性进行的探索性分析表明，这些检测方法受影响最小。本研究展示了通过多种现场监测方法获得的样本上，几种现有牛分枝杆菌血液检测方法的能力和局限性。虽然这些血液检测方法不能替代大规模扑杀，但在野生动物疾病管理人员开发在大规模扑杀在公众中不可接受且不能用作控制策略的情况下检测感染动物的创新方法时，有关其性能的信息可能会被证明是有用的。
