Samuels B, Glantz S A
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
JAMA. 1991 Oct 16;266(15):2110-7.
Until the nonsmokers' rights movement, tobacco control activity was at the federal or state levels, which is where the tobacco industry dominates. Since the appearance of the nonsmokers' rights movement, progress in tobacco control has occurred primarily at the local level. In response to the success of this movement, the tobacco industry has developed "smokers' rights" groups and other tactics to fight local legislation. Several recent local campaigns in California illustrate these tactics. Tobacco control forces follow many paths, from sitting on the sidelines to making a serious commitment to smoking control legislation. Despite the tobacco industry's superior financial resources, the outcome of proposed local tobacco control legislation appears to depend on how seriously the health advocates mobilize in support of the local legislation. When the health community makes a serious commitment of time and resources, it wins. When it fails to make such a commitment, the tobacco industry prevails, more by default than by its superior financial resources.
在无烟者权利运动出现之前，烟草控制活动主要在联邦或州层面开展，而这正是烟草行业占据主导地位的领域。自无烟者权利运动出现以来，烟草控制方面的进展主要发生在地方层面。为应对这一运动的成功，烟草行业组建了“吸烟者权利”团体并采取了其他策略来对抗地方立法。加利福尼亚州近期的几次地方运动就体现了这些策略。烟草控制力量采取了多种方式，从袖手旁观到坚定致力于控烟立法。尽管烟草行业拥有更为雄厚的资金资源，但拟议中的地方烟草控制立法的结果似乎取决于健康倡导者为支持地方立法而动员起来的认真程度。当健康群体认真投入时间和资源时，就能取得胜利。而当它未能做出这样的投入时，烟草行业就会占上风，更多是由于默认而非凭借其更雄厚的资金资源。
