Webb Gloria, Shakeshaft Anthony, Sanson-Fisher Rob, Havard Alys
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Addiction. 2009 Mar;104(3):365-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02472.x.
The aims of this study were to (1) gauge any improvement in methodological quality of work-place interventions addressing alcohol problems; and (2) to determine which interventions most effectively reduce work-place-related alcohol problems.
A literature search was undertaken of the data bases, Ovid Medline, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, HSELINE, OSHLINE and NIOSHTIC-2 for papers published between January 1995 and September 2007 (inclusive). Search terms varied, depending on the database. Papers were included for analysis if they reported on interventions conducted at work-places with the aim of reducing alcohol problems. Methodological adequacy of the studies was assessed using a method derived from the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines.
Ten papers reporting on work-place alcohol interventions were located. Only four studies employed randomized controlled trials (RCT), but all these had methodological problems. Weaknesses in all studies related to representativeness of samples, consent and participation rates, blinding, post-test time-frames, contamination and reliability, and validity of measures used. All except one study reported statistically significant differences in measures such as reduced alcohol consumption, binge drinking and alcohol problems.
The literature review revealed few methodologically adequate studies of work-place alcohol interventions. Study designs, types of interventions, measures employed and types of work-places varied considerably, making comparison of results difficult. However, it appears from the evidence that brief interventions, interventions contained within health and life-style checks, psychosocial skills training and peer referral have potential to produce beneficial results.
本研究的目的是：（1）评估解决酒精问题的工作场所干预措施在方法学质量上的任何改进；（2）确定哪些干预措施能最有效地减少与工作场所相关的酒精问题。
对Ovid Medline、PsychINFO、Web of Science、Scopus、HSELINE、OSHLINE和NIOSHTIC - 2等数据库进行文献检索，查找1995年1月至2007年9月（含）期间发表的论文。检索词因数据库而异。如果论文报道了在工作场所进行的旨在减少酒精问题的干预措施，则纳入分析。使用源自Cochrane协作指南的方法评估研究的方法学充分性。
找到了十篇关于工作场所酒精干预措施的论文。只有四项研究采用了随机对照试验（RCT），但所有这些研究都存在方法学问题。所有研究的弱点都与样本的代表性、同意率和参与率、盲法、测试后时间框架、污染以及所使用测量方法的可靠性和有效性有关。除一项研究外，所有研究都报告了在减少酒精消费、暴饮和酒精问题等测量指标上有统计学显著差异。
文献综述显示，关于工作场所酒精干预措施的方法学充分的研究很少。研究设计、干预类型、所采用的测量方法和工作场所类型差异很大，难以比较结果。然而，从证据来看，简短干预、健康和生活方式检查中包含的干预、心理社会技能培训和同伴推荐有可能产生有益结果。
