González-Ravé Jose Maria, Machado Leandro, Navarro-Valdivielso Fernando, Vilas-Boas J Paulo
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport Training Lab, University of Castilla La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Mar;23(2):472-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318198f912.
The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of heavy-load resistance exercises, static stretching exercises, and heavy-load plus static stretching exercises by untrained subjects, and to determine whether these types of exercise have an effect on the performance of squat jumps (SJs) and countermovement jumps (CMJs). Twenty-four men volunteered to participate in this study and were divided into 3 groups: 1 group performed the strength exercises using heavy loads (3 sets of 4 repetitions at 90% of each subject's 1-repetition maximum (1RM), a second group performed the heavy-load resistance plus stretching exercises (3 sets of 4 repetitions at 90% of each subject's 1RM and 3 stretching exercises for 15 seconds each), and a third group performed the static stretching exercises only (3 stretching exercises for 15 seconds each). No significant differences between the groups were seen in vertical jump height, but there were significant differences (p < 0.004) in the mean jump height between sets within the training session without taking the treatment type (group) into consideration. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were seen in the vertical ground-reaction force in CMJs between sets and training in each group, whereas no differences between groups were seen in SJ; nevertheless, there was a tendency toward significant differences between sets (p < 0.09) without considering the treatment type. The data from this study suggest that strength exercises using heavy loads and heavy-load plus stretching exercises did not have a significant effect on the maximal jump height in untrained subjects. Only stretching exercises showed an increase in SJs and CMJs, but these results were not significantly different from all other scores.
本研究的目的是检验未经训练的受试者进行重负荷抗阻运动、静态拉伸运动以及重负荷加静态拉伸运动的急性效应，并确定这些运动类型是否对深蹲跳（SJ）和反向纵跳（CMJ）的表现有影响。24名男性自愿参与本研究，并被分为3组：一组使用重负荷进行力量训练（每组4次重复，共3组，负荷为每个受试者1次重复最大值（1RM）的90%），第二组进行重负荷抗阻加拉伸训练（每组4次重复，共3组，负荷为每个受试者1RM的90%，并进行3次每次15秒的拉伸训练），第三组仅进行静态拉伸训练（3次每次15秒的拉伸训练）。各组之间在垂直跳高度上未见显著差异，但在不考虑治疗类型（组）的情况下，训练过程中各训练组内的平均跳高度存在显著差异（p<0.004）。在每组的CMJ中，各组之间以及训练组内各训练组之间在垂直地面反作用力上存在显著差异（p<0.001），而在SJ中各组之间未见差异；然而，在不考虑治疗类型的情况下，各训练组之间存在显著差异的趋势（p<0.09）。本研究数据表明，使用重负荷的力量训练以及重负荷加拉伸训练对未经训练的受试者的最大跳高度没有显著影响。只有拉伸训练使SJ和CMJ有所增加，但这些结果与所有其他得分没有显著差异。
