Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, 2061 Cornell Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2009 Mar;11(2):120-4. doi: 10.1007/s11908-009-0018-2.
Human disease due to Salmonella infections appears to be on the rise worldwide. Despite the availability of vaccines and generally effective antibiotic therapy, salmonellosis, in the forms of gastroenteritis and enteric fever, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries, especially in young children and immunocompromised hosts. In certain highly endemic areas of South and Southeast Asia, the emergence of quinolone-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella contribute to the magnitude of the problem. In the United States and Europe, a low but consistent rate of disease appears to be primarily related to ingestion of contaminated poultry, lapses in sanitary agricultural practices, and importation of tainted vegetable products. An improved understanding of the molecular basis of bacterial resistance and improved design and expanded use of vaccines provide hope for containing the spread and reducing morbidity of the international spectrum of disease due to Salmonella pathogens.
人类因感染沙门氏菌而导致的疾病似乎在全球范围内呈上升趋势。尽管有疫苗和通常有效的抗生素治疗方法，但是沙门氏菌病（包括肠胃炎和肠热病）仍然是许多发展中国家（尤其是幼儿和免疫功能低下者）发病率和死亡率的主要原因。在南亚和东南亚某些高度流行地区，出现了对氟喹诺酮类药物和多种药物耐药的沙门氏菌菌株，这使得问题更加严重。在美国和欧洲，疾病的发病率虽然较低，但较为持续，主要与食用受污染的家禽、农业卫生措施的疏忽以及受污染的蔬菜产品的进口有关。对细菌耐药性的分子基础有了更深入的了解，并改进了疫苗的设计和扩大了其使用范围，这为控制沙门氏菌病原体引起的国际疾病谱的传播和降低发病率带来了希望。
