Nasidze Ivan, Li Jing, Quinque Dominique, Tang Kun, Stoneking Mark
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Genome Res. 2009 Apr;19(4):636-43. doi: 10.1101/gr.084616.108. Epub 2009 Feb 27.
The human salivary microbiome may play a role in diseases of the oral cavity and interact with microbiomes from other parts of the human body (in particular, the intestinal tract), but little is known about normal variation in the salivary microbiome. We analyzed 14,115 partial ( approximately 500 bp) 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences from saliva samples from 120 healthy individuals (10 individuals from each of 12 worldwide locations). These sequences could be assigned to 101 known bacterial genera, of which 39 were not previously reported from the human oral cavity; phylogenetic analysis suggests that an additional 64 unknown genera are present. There is high diversity in the salivary microbiome within and between individuals, but little geographic structure. Overall, approximately 13.5% of the total variance in the composition of genera is due to differences among individuals, which is remarkably similar to the fraction of the total variance in neutral genetic markers that can be attributed to differences among human populations. Investigation of some environmental variables revealed a significant association between the genetic distances among locations and the distance of each location from the equator. Further characterization of the enormous diversity revealed here in the human salivary microbiome will aid in elucidating the role it plays in human health and disease, and in the identification of potentially informative species for studies of human population history.
人类唾液微生物群可能在口腔疾病中起作用，并与人体其他部位（特别是肠道）的微生物群相互作用，但人们对唾液微生物群的正常变异知之甚少。我们分析了来自120名健康个体（来自全球12个地点，每个地点10人）唾液样本中的14115条部分（约500 bp）16S核糖体RNA（rRNA）序列。这些序列可归为101个已知细菌属，其中39个此前未在人类口腔中报道过；系统发育分析表明还存在另外64个未知属。个体内部和个体之间的唾液微生物群具有高度多样性，但地理结构不明显。总体而言，属组成中约13.5%的总变异是由于个体差异造成的，这与可归因于人类群体差异的中性遗传标记总变异比例非常相似。对一些环境变量的研究表明，各地点之间的遗传距离与每个地点距赤道的距离之间存在显著关联。对这里揭示的人类唾液微生物群的巨大多样性进行进一步表征，将有助于阐明其在人类健康和疾病中所起的作用，以及识别用于人类群体历史研究的潜在信息丰富的物种。
