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Ideological supports to becoming and remaining a heroin addict.成为并持续成为海洛因成瘾者的思想支撑因素。
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Needle sharing in the Haight: some social and psychological functions.海特地区的针头共用现象：一些社会和心理功能。
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Patterns of cocaine use among methadone clients.美沙酮治疗患者中可卡因的使用模式。
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Health education and knowledge assessment of HTLV-III diseases among intravenous drug users.静脉注射吸毒者中人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒III型疾病的健康教育与知识评估。
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AIDS and self-organization among intravenous drug users.静脉注射吸毒者中的艾滋病与自我组织
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Human immunodeficiency virus infection in heterosexual intravenous drug users in San Francisco.旧金山异性恋静脉吸毒者中的人类免疫缺陷病毒感染情况。
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HIV infection and intravenous drug use: critical issues in transmission dynamics, infection outcomes, and prevention.艾滋病毒感染与静脉注射吸毒：传播动态、感染结果及预防方面的关键问题
Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Jan-Feb;10(1):151-8. doi: 10.1093/clinids/10.1.151.
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Risk factors for infection with human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug abusers in New York City.纽约市静脉注射吸毒者感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的风险因素。
AIDS. 1987 May;1(1):39-44.

静脉注射吸毒者使用和停止使用射钉枪场所的风险因素。

Risk factors for shooting gallery use and cessation among intravenous drug users.

作者信息

Celentano D D, Vlahov D, Cohn S, Anthony J C, Solomon L, Nelson K E

机构信息

Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.

出版信息

Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1291-5. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.10.1291.

DOI:10.2105/ajph.81.10.1291
PMID:1928528
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1405311/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Shooting galleries, locations where intravenous drug users (IVDUs) can rent or borrow needles and syringes, are a high-risk environment for HIV-1 transmission. This study investigates risk factors for lifetime attendance at shooting galleries and differentiates characteristics of those who continue to frequent shooting galleries and those who have stopped.

METHODS

We interviewed 2615 active IVDUs in Baltimore in 1988 and 1989 and determined patterns of IV drug use, sociodemographics, and HIV-1 serostatus as related to persistence vs cessation of shooting gallery use.

RESULTS

Over half (52%) of active IVDUs reported ever using a shooting gallery, with 33% reporting use within the prior 3 months. In multivariate analysis, lifetime shooting gallery use was associated with male gender, homosexuality/bisexuality, low socioeconomic status, Black race, and heavier drug involvement. Persistent shooting gallery users were more frequently male, homosexual/bisexual, homeless, less educated, and started IV drug use more recently compared with those who ceased going to shooting galleries.

CONCLUSIONS

Shooting gallery attendance may be pragmatic from a sociological and economic perspective, but it carries with it a heightened risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection.

摘要

背景

射击馆是静脉吸毒者可以租借针头和注射器的场所，是HIV-1传播的高风险环境。本研究调查了终身光顾射击馆的风险因素，并区分了继续频繁光顾射击馆的人和已经不再光顾的人的特征。

方法

我们在1988年和1989年对巴尔的摩的2615名活跃静脉吸毒者进行了访谈，并确定了与射击馆使用的持续或停止相关的静脉吸毒模式、社会人口统计学特征和HIV-1血清学状态。

结果

超过一半（52%）的活跃静脉吸毒者报告曾使用过射击馆，其中33%报告在前3个月内使用过。在多变量分析中，终身使用射击馆与男性、同性恋/双性恋、社会经济地位低、黑人种族以及更多的毒品使用有关。与不再去射击馆的人相比，持续使用射击馆的人更常为男性、同性恋/双性恋、无家可归、受教育程度较低，且开始静脉吸毒的时间更近。

结论

从社会学和经济角度来看，光顾射击馆可能是出于实际需要，但它伴随着感染HIV-1的更高风险。