Bustos Patricia, Muñoz Sergio, Vargas Claudio, Amigo Hugo
Department of Nutrition, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Ann Hum Biol. 2009 May-Jun;36(3):298-307. doi: 10.1080/03014460902729536.
Latin American countries show accelerated but ethnically or socially differentiated changes in their epidemiological profiles.
The present study examined the evolution of the nutritional situation (1997-2005) in Chilean schoolchildren as related to ethnical origin (Mapuche).
Using official databases, stunting (height/age <or= - 2 z-scores), undernutrition (body mass index (BMI) <or= - 2 z-scores) and obesity (BMI >or=95 percentile) were ascribed in first-grade schoolchildren. Ethnic groups were assigned by native parents' surnames (none, one and two).
Based on 1 757 155 children (average age: 76.3 months), in 1997 stunting reached 8.4%, 4.8% and 3.1% in children with two, one and no Mapuche surnames, respectively. In 2005 it fell to 3.7%, 3.1% and 2.6% - a marked decrease in those with two Mapuche surnames (p<0.001). Obesity in 1997 was 11.8%, 12.8% and 13.3%, whilst in 2005 it changed to 17.5, 18.5 and 18.6%, respectively, demonstrating a similar trend to obesity in all groups (p=0.153). Undernutrition was rare (<1.1%) and stable. Poverty decreased clearly among the Mapuche population in this period.
The marked decrease in stunting in children with a strong indigenous background seems related to a decrease in poverty over the period. Yet, the increase of obesity in all groups deserves further analysis.
拉丁美洲国家的流行病学特征呈现出加速变化，但在种族或社会层面存在差异。
本研究调查了智利学童（1997 - 2005年）营养状况的演变及其与种族出身（马普切人）的关系。
利用官方数据库，对一年级学童的发育迟缓（身高/年龄≤ - 2标准差）、营养不良（体重指数（BMI）≤ - 2标准差）和肥胖（BMI≥第95百分位数）情况进行评估。种族分组依据其原生父母的姓氏（无、一个和两个马普切姓氏）。
基于1757155名儿童（平均年龄：76.3个月）的数据，1997年，有两个马普切姓氏、一个马普切姓氏和没有马普切姓氏的儿童中，发育迟缓率分别为8.4%、4.8%和3.1%。2005年，该比例降至3.7%、3.1%和2.6%，有两个马普切姓氏的儿童发育迟缓率显著下降（p<0.001）。1997年肥胖率分别为11.8%、12.8%和13.3%，2005年则分别变为17.5%、18.5%和18.6%，表明所有组的肥胖趋势相似（p = 0.153）。营养不良情况罕见（<1.1%）且稳定。在此期间，马普切族人口中的贫困率明显下降。
具有强烈本土背景的儿童发育迟缓率显著下降，这似乎与该时期贫困率的降低有关。然而，所有组肥胖率的上升值得进一步分析。
