Siller Karsten H, Doe Chris Q
Institute of Molecular Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403, USA.
Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Apr;11(4):365-74. doi: 10.1038/ncb0409-365.
Development of a multicellular organism from a fertilized egg depends on a precise balance between symmetric cell divisions to expand the pool of similar cells, and asymmetric cell divisions to create cell-type diversity. Spindle orientation can influence the generation of symmetric or asymmetric cell fates depending on how it is coupled to cell-intrinsic polarity cues, or how it is positioned relative to cell-extrinsic cues such as niche-derived signals. In this review, we describe the mechanism of spindle orientation in budding yeast, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian neural progenitors, with the goal of highlighting conserved mechanisms and indicating open questions for the future.
从受精卵发育成多细胞生物体取决于对称细胞分裂（以扩大相似细胞库）与不对称细胞分裂（以产生细胞类型多样性）之间的精确平衡。纺锤体方向可影响对称或不对称细胞命运的产生，这取决于它如何与细胞内在极性线索耦合，或者它相对于细胞外线索（如微环境衍生信号）的定位方式。在这篇综述中，我们描述了芽殖酵母、黑腹果蝇、秀丽隐杆线虫和哺乳动物神经祖细胞中纺锤体方向的机制，目的是突出保守机制并指出未来有待解决的问题。
