Department of Psychiatry II, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Aug 1;33(5):827-34. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.03.030. Epub 2009 Apr 5.
Although the crucial distinction between unipolar depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is the presence of mania (or hypomania) in the course of the latter, significant differences between unipolar and bipolar depression have also been found in clinical studies. The primary aim of the present investigation was to assess pleasantness/unpleasantness ratings of chemosensory stimuli in depressed patients, including subjects with unipolar and bipolar depression. Sensory aspects (thresholds and identification abilities) of gustatory and olfactory function were also assessed. There were no major differences between a depression group, as a whole, and healthy controls in terms of gustatory and olfactory thresholds and identification abilities. Similarly, pleasantness ratings of various gustatory and olfactory stimuli did not differ between the control and depression group. Gustatory and olfactory thresholds and identification abilities did not differ between individuals with unipolar and bipolar depression. Bipolar patients tended to rate less gustatory stimuli as unpleasant and more olfactory stimuli as pleasant compared to unipolar patients. The present results suggest that: i) depression is not associated with any major deficit in sensory aspects of gustatory and olfactory function or altered hedonic ratings of chemosensory stimuli; ii) hedonic responses to chemosensory stimuli tend to be increased in bipolar as compared to unipolar depressed patients.
虽然单相抑郁障碍和双相障碍之间的关键区别在于后者病程中存在躁狂（或轻躁狂），但在临床研究中也发现单相和双相抑郁之间存在显著差异。本研究的主要目的是评估抑郁患者的化学感觉刺激的愉悦/不愉快评分，包括单相和双相抑郁患者。味觉和嗅觉功能的感官方面（阈值和识别能力）也进行了评估。在味觉和嗅觉阈值和识别能力方面，整个抑郁组与健康对照组之间没有明显差异。同样，对照组和抑郁组对各种味觉和嗅觉刺激的愉悦评分也没有差异。单相和双相抑郁患者之间的味觉和嗅觉阈值和识别能力没有差异。与单相抑郁患者相比，双相患者往往会将更少的味觉刺激评为不愉快，更多的嗅觉刺激评为愉快。本研究结果表明：i）抑郁与味觉和嗅觉功能的感官方面的任何重大缺陷或化学感觉刺激的愉悦评分改变无关；ii）与单相抑郁患者相比，双相抑郁患者对化学感觉刺激的愉悦反应往往增加。
