Chung Sukyung, Domino Marisa E, Stearns Sally C
Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009 Sep;64(5):656-65. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbn044. Epub 2009 Apr 7.
People who are close to retirement age show the highest rates of weight gain and obesity. We investigate the effect of retirement on the change in body mass index (BMI) in diverse groups varying by wealth status and occupation type.
Six panels of the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2002) on individuals aged 50-71 were used (N = 37,807). We used fixed-effects regression models with instrumental variables method to estimate the causal effect of retirement on change in the BMI.
Retirement leads to modest weight gain, 0.24 BMI on average. Weight gain with retirement was found among people who were already overweight and those with lower wealth retiring from physically demanding occupations. The cumulative effect of aging among people in their 50s, however, outweighs the effect of retirement; the average BMI gain between ages 50 and 60 is 1.30, 5 times the effect of retirement.
Given the increasing number of people approaching retirement age, the population level impact of the weight gain ascribed to retirement on health outcomes and health care system might be significant. Future research should evaluate programs targeted to older adults who are most likely to gain weight with retirement.
接近退休年龄的人群体重增加和肥胖率最高。我们调查退休对不同财富状况和职业类型群体体重指数（BMI）变化的影响。
使用健康与退休研究（1992 - 2002年）中针对50 - 71岁个体的六个面板数据（N = 37,807）。我们采用固定效应回归模型和工具变量法来估计退休对BMI变化的因果效应。
退休导致适度体重增加，平均BMI增加0.24。在已经超重的人群以及从体力要求较高职业退休且财富较低的人群中发现退休后体重增加。然而，50多岁人群衰老的累积效应超过退休的影响；50岁至60岁之间的平均BMI增加为1.30，是退休影响的5倍。
鉴于接近退休年龄的人数不断增加，退休导致的体重增加对健康结果和医疗保健系统的人群层面影响可能很大。未来的研究应评估针对退休后最有可能体重增加的老年人的项目。
