Dartt Darlene A
Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2009 May;28(3):155-77. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 Apr 17.
The lacrimal gland is the major contributor to the aqueous layer of the tear film which consists of water, electrolytes and proteins. The amount and composition of this layer is critical for the health, maintenance, and protection of the cells of the cornea and conjunctiva (the ocular surface). Small changes in the concentration of tear electrolytes have been correlated with dry eye syndrome. While the mechanisms of secretion of water, electrolytes and proteins from the lacrimal gland differ, all three are under tight neural control. This allows for a rapid response to meet the needs of the cells of the ocular surface in response to environmental conditions. The neural response consists of the activation of the afferent sensory nerves in the cornea and conjunctiva to stimulate efferent parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves that innervate the lacrimal gland. Neurotransmitters are released from the stimulated parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves that cause secretion of water, electrolytes, and proteins from the lacrimal gland and onto the ocular surface. This review focuses on the neural regulation of lacrimal gland secretion under normal and dry eye conditions.
泪腺是泪膜水液层的主要贡献者，泪膜水液层由水、电解质和蛋白质组成。这一层的量和成分对于角膜和结膜（眼表）细胞的健康、维持和保护至关重要。泪液电解质浓度的微小变化与干眼综合征相关。虽然泪腺分泌水、电解质和蛋白质的机制不同，但这三者都受到严格的神经控制。这使得能够快速做出反应，以满足眼表细胞在不同环境条件下的需求。神经反应包括激活角膜和结膜中的传入感觉神经，以刺激支配泪腺的传出副交感神经和交感神经。神经递质从受刺激的副交感神经和交感神经释放，从而导致泪腺分泌水、电解质和蛋白质并分布到眼表。本综述重点关注正常和干眼条件下泪腺分泌的神经调节。
