Unger Jennifer B, Ritt-Olson Anamara, Wagner Karla D, Soto Daniel W, Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes
School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. Tenth St., Harper Hall 107, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
J Prim Prev. 2009 Jul;30(3-4):293-313. doi: 10.1007/s10935-009-0178-8. Epub 2009 Apr 21.
Acculturation discrepancy theory predicts that conflicting cultural preferences between adolescents and their parents will increase the adolescents' risk for behavior problems such as substance use. This study evaluated this hypothesis in a sample of 1683 Hispanic students in Southern California who completed surveys in 9th and 10th grade. Measures included the students' own cultural orientations and their perceptions of their parents' preference for their cultural orientations ("Perceived Parental Cultural Expectations"--PPCE). Hispanic PPCE in 9th grade was a risk factor for lifetime, but not past-month, cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use in 10th grade. The adolescents' own Hispanic orientation in 9th grade was protective against lifetime and past-month smoking and marijuana use and lifetime alcohol use in 10th grade. The effects of the acculturation variables did not vary according to generation in the U.S. Change in acculturation between 9th and 10th grade was statistically significant but small in magnitude. Increases in parent-child Hispanic acculturation discrepancy (i.e., the difference between the adolescents' own cultural orientations and their PPCE, with adolescents perceiving that their parents wanted them to be more Hispanic oriented than they actually were) from 9th to 10th grade were associated with an increased risk of substance use. Family-based interventions for acculturating Hispanic families may be useful in decreasing the likelihood of substance use among Hispanic adolescents.
文化适应差异理论预测，青少年与其父母之间相互冲突的文化偏好会增加青少年出现诸如药物使用等行为问题的风险。本研究在南加州1683名西班牙裔学生的样本中对这一假设进行了评估，这些学生在九年级和十年级时完成了调查。测量指标包括学生自身的文化取向以及他们对父母对其文化取向偏好的认知（“感知到的父母文化期望”——PPCE）。九年级时的西班牙裔PPCE是十年级时终生（而非过去一个月）吸烟、饮酒和使用大麻的一个风险因素。九年级时青少年自身的西班牙裔取向对十年级时的终生和过去一个月吸烟及使用大麻以及终生饮酒具有预防作用。文化适应变量的影响不会因在美国的代际不同而有所变化。九年级到十年级之间文化适应的变化在统计学上具有显著性，但幅度较小。从九年级到十年级，亲子西班牙裔文化适应差异（即青少年自身的文化取向与其PPCE之间的差异，青少年认为其父母希望他们比实际情况更倾向于西班牙裔文化取向）的增加与药物使用风险的增加相关。针对正在进行文化适应的西班牙裔家庭的家庭干预措施可能有助于降低西班牙裔青少年药物使用的可能性。
