Mueller Daniela B, Koczwara Kerstin, Mueller Andreas S, Pallauf Josef, Ziegler Anette-G, Bonifacio Ezio
Institut für Diabetesforschung der Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;54(3):208-17. doi: 10.1159/000220416. Epub 2009 May 27.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infant diet is suggested to modify autoimmune diabetes risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether infant food components affect diabetes development in the nonobese autoimmune diabetes (NOD) mouse.
A basal low-diabetogenic diet was identified by feeding litter-matched female NOD mice standardized diets with and without casein and wheat proteins after weaning. In subsequent trials, basal diet with supplements of wheat (5, 10 and 30%), gluten, wheat globulin/albumin, corn (5%), potato (5%), apple (5%) or carrot (5%) was fed to litter-matched female NOD mice after weaning. Mice were followed for diabetes development and insulin autoantibodies.
A casein- and wheat-free diet was associated with the lowest rate of diabetes development (37% by age 25 weeks). Increased diabetes rates were observed when the basal diet was supplemented with 5% wheat (71% by age 25 weeks; p = 0.023) and 5% corn (57% by age 25 weeks; p = 0.05). Increasing wheat concentrations returned diabetes development to that in basal diet-fed mice. Other food supplements had no or minimal effects on diabetes development.
Early supplementation of a basal low-diabetogenic diet with low concentrations of the cereals wheat or corn is associated with a moderate increase in the rate of diabetes. Removal of cereals, however, does not abrogate diabetes development in NOD mice.
背景/目的：婴儿饮食被认为会改变自身免疫性糖尿病的风险。本研究的目的是确定婴儿食物成分是否会影响非肥胖自身免疫性糖尿病（NOD）小鼠的糖尿病发展。
通过在断奶后给同窝匹配的雌性NOD小鼠喂食含或不含酪蛋白和小麦蛋白的标准化饮食，确定了一种基础低致糖尿病饮食。在随后的试验中，断奶后给同窝匹配的雌性NOD小鼠喂食添加了5%、10%和30%小麦、麸质、小麦球蛋白/白蛋白、5%玉米、5%土豆、5%苹果或5%胡萝卜的基础饮食。对小鼠进行糖尿病发展和胰岛素自身抗体的跟踪观察。
不含酪蛋白和小麦的饮食与最低的糖尿病发生率相关（25周龄时为37%）。当基础饮食添加5%小麦（25周龄时为71%；p = 0.023）和5%玉米（25周龄时为57%；p = 0.05）时，糖尿病发生率增加。增加小麦浓度后，糖尿病发展情况恢复到基础饮食喂养小鼠的水平。其他食物补充剂对糖尿病发展没有影响或影响极小。
在基础低致糖尿病饮食中早期添加低浓度的谷物小麦或玉米与糖尿病发生率适度增加有关。然而，去除谷物并不能消除NOD小鼠的糖尿病发展。
