Radford Alan D, Addie Diane, Belák Sándor, Boucraut-Baralon Corine, Egberink Herman, Frymus Tadeusz, Gruffydd-Jones Tim, Hartmann Katrin, Hosie Margaret J, Lloret Albert, Lutz Hans, Marsilio Fulvio, Pennisi Maria Grazia, Thiry Etienne, Truyen Uwe, Horzinek Marian C
European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD).
J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul;11(7):556-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.05.004.
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly variable virus. More severe, systemic forms of FCV infection have been observed recently.
Sick, acutely infected or carrier cats shed FCV in oronasal and conjunctival secretions. Infection occurs mainly through direct contact.
The main clinical signs are oral ulcers, upper respiratory signs and a high fever. Feline calicivirus may be isolated from nearly all cats with chronic stomatitis or gingivitis. Cats with 'virulent systemic FCV disease' variably show pyrexia, cutaneous oedema, ulcerative lesions on the head and limbs, and jaundice. Mortality is high and the disease is more severe in adult cats.
Diagnosis of FCV can be achieved by virus isolation or reverse-transcriptase PCR. Viral RNA can be detected in conjunctival and oral swabs, blood, skin scrapings or lung tissue using PCR. Positive PCR results should be interpreted with caution, as these may be a consequence of low-level shedding by persistently infected carriers. The diagnosis of virulent systemic FCV disease relies on clinical signs and isolation of the same strain from the blood of several diseased cats.
Supportive therapy (including fluid therapy) and good nursing care are essential. Anorexic cats should be fed highly palatable, blended or warmed food. Mucolytic drugs (eg, bromhexine) or nebulisation with saline may offer relief. Broad-spectrum antibiotics may be administered to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Feline calicivirus can persist in the environment for about 1 month and is resistant to many common disinfectants.
Two injections, at 9 and 12 weeks of age, are recommended, followed by a first booster 1 year later. In high-risk situations, a third vaccination at 16 weeks is recommended. Boosters should be given every 3 years. However, cats in high-risk situations should be revaccinated annually. Cats that have recovered from caliciviral disease are probably not protected for life, particularly if infected with different strains. Vaccination of these cats is still recommended.
猫杯状病毒（FCV）是一种高度可变的病毒。最近观察到了更严重的全身性FCV感染形式。
患病、急性感染或携带病毒的猫通过口鼻和结膜分泌物排出FCV。感染主要通过直接接触发生。
主要临床症状为口腔溃疡、上呼吸道症状和高烧。几乎所有患有慢性口腔炎或牙龈炎的猫都可能分离出猫杯状病毒。患有“恶性全身性FCV疾病”的猫会不同程度地出现发热、皮肤水肿、头部和四肢的溃疡性病变以及黄疸。死亡率很高，且该疾病在成年猫中更为严重。
FCV的诊断可通过病毒分离或逆转录PCR实现。使用PCR可在结膜和口腔拭子、血液、皮肤刮屑或肺组织中检测到病毒RNA。PCR阳性结果应谨慎解读，因为这些可能是持续感染携带者低水平排毒的结果。恶性全身性FCV疾病的诊断依赖于临床症状以及从几只患病猫的血液中分离出相同毒株。
支持性治疗（包括液体疗法）和良好的护理至关重要。厌食的猫应喂食高度可口、混合或温热的食物。黏液溶解药物（如溴己新）或用盐水雾化可能会有所帮助。可使用广谱抗生素预防继发细菌感染。猫杯状病毒可在环境中持续存在约1个月，并且对许多常见消毒剂具有抗性。
建议在9周龄和12周龄时各注射一针，1年后进行首次加强免疫。在高风险情况下，建议在16周龄时进行第三次接种。每3年应进行一次加强免疫。然而，处于高风险情况的猫应每年重新接种疫苗。从杯状病毒疾病中康复的猫可能并非终身免疫，特别是如果感染了不同毒株。仍建议对这些猫进行疫苗接种。
