Daniels Karen A, Toth Jeffrey P, Hertzog Christopher
Department of Psychology, University of North Carlonia, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2009 Jun;24(2):494-500. doi: 10.1037/a0015269.
Dual-process theories propose that episodic memory performance reflects both recollection of prior details as well as more automatic influences of the past. The authors explored the idea that recollection mediates the accuracy of judgments of learning (JOLs) and may also help explain age differences in JOL accuracy. Young and older adults made immediate JOLs at study and then completed recognition or recall tests that included a recollect/familiar judgment. JOLs were found to be strongly related to recollected items but not to items remembered on the basis of familiarity. The pattern was weaker in older adults, consistent with age-related declines in recollection.
双加工理论认为，情景记忆表现既反映了对先前细节的回忆，也反映了过去更为自动的影响。作者探讨了这样一种观点，即回忆介导了学习判断（JOLs）的准确性，并且可能有助于解释JOL准确性方面的年龄差异。年轻人和老年人在学习时进行即时JOLs，然后完成包括回忆/熟悉度判断的识别或回忆测试。研究发现，JOLs与通过回忆记住的项目密切相关，但与基于熟悉度记住的项目无关。这种模式在老年人中较弱，这与回忆方面与年龄相关的衰退是一致的。
