Allgrove Jeremy
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK.
Endocr Dev. 2009;16:8-31. doi: 10.1159/000223685. Epub 2009 Jun 3.
The physiology of calcium and the other minerals involved in its metabolism is complex and intimately tied in with the physiology of bone. Five principal humoral factors are involved in maintaining plasma levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphate and coordinating the balance between these and their content in bone. The transmembrane transport of these elements is dependent on a series of complex mechanisms that are controlled by these hormones. The plasma concentration of calcium is initially sensed by a calcium-sensing receptor which then sets up a cascade of events that initially determines parathyroid hormone secretion and eventually results in a specific action within the target organs, mainly bone and kidney. This chapter describes the physiology of these humoral factors and relates them to the pathological processes that give rise to disorders of calcium and bone metabolism. It details the stages in the calcium cascade and describes the effects on the various target organs. The pathology of disorders of bone and calcium metabolism is described in detail in the relevant chapters.
钙及参与其代谢的其他矿物质的生理学较为复杂，且与骨骼生理学密切相关。五种主要的体液因子参与维持血浆中钙、镁和磷酸盐的水平，并协调它们与骨骼中含量之间的平衡。这些元素的跨膜转运依赖于一系列由这些激素控制的复杂机制。钙的血浆浓度最初由钙敏感受体感知，该受体随后引发一系列事件，这些事件最初决定甲状旁腺激素的分泌，最终导致靶器官（主要是骨骼和肾脏）内的特定作用。本章描述了这些体液因子的生理学，并将它们与引发钙和骨代谢紊乱的病理过程联系起来。它详细介绍了钙信号级联反应的各个阶段，并描述了对各种靶器官的影响。骨骼和钙代谢紊乱的病理学在相关章节中详细描述。
