Gamenara Daniela, Domínguez de María Pablo
Organic Chemistry Department, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
Biotechnol Adv. 2009 May-Jun;27(3):278-85. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.01.005. Epub 2009 Jan 23.
The use of oxidoreductases as biocatalysts for the production of a wide number of chiral building blocks is presently a mature (bio-)technology. In this context some industrial applications are currently performed by means of those enzymatic approaches, and new examples are expected to be realized. Moreover, oxidoreductases provide an interesting academic platform to undertake fundamental research in enzymology, to acquire a better understanding on catalytic mechanisms, and to facilitate the development of new biocatalytic applications. Within this area, a wide number of oxidoreductases from genus Candida spp. have been characterized and used as biocatalysts. These enzymes are rather diverse, and are able to carry out many useful reactions, like highly (enantio)selective keto-reductions, (de)racemizations and stereoinversions, and promiscuous catalytic imine reductions. In addition, some Candida spp. dehydrogenases are very useful for regenerating the cofactors, with the aid of sacrificial substrates. Addressing those features, the present paper aims to give an overview of these enzymes, by focusing on practical applications that these biocatalysts can provide. Furthermore, when possible, academic insights on the enzymatic performances will be discussed as well.
目前，使用氧化还原酶作为生物催化剂来生产多种手性结构单元是一项成熟的（生物）技术。在这种背景下，目前一些工业应用是通过这些酶促方法进行的，并且有望实现新的应用实例。此外，氧化还原酶为开展酶学基础研究、更好地理解催化机制以及促进新生物催化应用的开发提供了一个有趣的学术平台。在这一领域，已对许多念珠菌属的氧化还原酶进行了表征并用作生物催化剂。这些酶种类相当多样，能够进行许多有用的反应，如高度（对映体）选择性的酮还原、（消）外消旋化和立体反转，以及混杂催化的亚胺还原。此外，一些念珠菌属脱氢酶在牺牲底物的帮助下对于辅因子的再生非常有用。针对这些特性，本文旨在通过聚焦这些生物催化剂能够提供的实际应用来对这些酶进行概述。此外，在可能的情况下，还将讨论有关酶性能的学术见解。
