Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2010 Feb;13(2):276-82. doi: 10.1017/S1368980009990590. Epub 2009 Jun 25.
The present study evaluated the association between fruit and vegetable intake and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) during pregnancy.
In a cohort of 1034 North American women, each subject was asked retrospectively about their fruit and vegetable intake during the six months before the pregnancy and their occurrences of URTI during the first half of pregnancy. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models.
The adjusted HR of URTI for women in the highest quartile (median 8.54 servings/d) v. the lowest quartile (median 1.91 servings/d) of total fruit and vegetable intake was 0.74 (95 % CI 0.53, 1.05) for the 5-month follow-up period and 0.61 (95 % CI 0.39, 0.97) for the 3-month follow-up period, respectively. A dose-related reduction of URTI risk according to quartile of intake was found in the 3-month (P for trend = 0.03) but not the 5-month follow-up. No association was found between either fruit or vegetable intake alone in relation to the 5-month or the 3-month risk of URTI.
Women who consume more fruits and vegetables have a moderate reduction in risk of URTI during pregnancy, and this benefit appears to be derived from both fruits and vegetables instead of either alone.
本研究评估了妊娠期水果和蔬菜摄入量与上呼吸道感染（URTI）发病率之间的关系。
在一项由 1034 名北美女性组成的队列研究中，每位受试者被要求回顾性地报告她们在怀孕前六个月的水果和蔬菜摄入量，以及她们在怀孕前六个月期间 URTI 的发生情况。采用 Cox 比例风险模型计算多变量调整后的风险比（HR）。
与总水果和蔬菜摄入量最低四分位（中位数 1.91 份/天）相比，最高四分位（中位数 8.54 份/天）女性的 URTI 调整后 HR 分别为 5 个月随访期的 0.74（95%CI 0.53，1.05）和 3 个月随访期的 0.61（95%CI 0.39，0.97）。根据摄入量的四分位数，在 3 个月（趋势 P = 0.03）而不是 5 个月的随访中，URTI 风险呈剂量相关降低。单独摄入水果或蔬菜与 5 个月或 3 个月 URTI 风险均无关联。
摄入更多水果和蔬菜的女性在妊娠期 URTI 风险适度降低，而这种益处似乎来自水果和蔬菜两者，而不是仅来自其中之一。
