The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
J Youth Adolesc. 2009 May;38(5):654-71. doi: 10.1007/s10964-008-9370-z. Epub 2008 Nov 25.
This article investigates the cultural identities of adolescent immigrants in the pre-migration period and during the first 3 years after immigration. The target population consists of high-school Jewish adolescents from Russia and Ukraine participating in an Israeli immigration program. In this program, Jewish adolescents immigrate to Israel without their parents, live in kibbutzim and boarding schools, and study in Israeli schools. Participants filled out questionnaires four times: half a year before their departure from the homeland and once a year for three consecutive years after their arrival to Israel. Changes in the cultural identities during immigration were curvilinear. Three stages were distinguished: devaluation of the homeland and idealization of the country of immigration in the pre-migration period, disillusionment with the receiving country and strengthening of the homeland cultural identity in the first year after immigration, and the formation of an inconsistent bi-cultural identity in the later post-migration period. Throughout the entire post-migration period, immigrants' attitude towards the receiving country was more positive than their attitude towards their homeland; however, immigrants' sense of belonging to the homeland was stronger than their sense of belonging to the receiving country. Pre-migration cultural identities and perceived discrimination in the receiving country predicted post-migration cultural identities of immigrants. Immigrant adolescents from ethnically homogenous Jewish families had a less positive attitude towards Russia/Ukraine, a more positive attitude towards Israel, and a weaker sense of belonging to Russia/Ukraine as compared to immigrants from ethnically mixed families.
本文研究了青少年移民在移民前阶段和移民后头 3 年的文化认同。目标人群是来自俄罗斯和乌克兰的参加以色列移民计划的高中犹太青少年。在这个计划中，犹太青少年在没有父母陪伴的情况下移民到以色列，居住在基布兹和寄宿学校，并在以色列的学校学习。参与者填写了四次问卷：离开祖国前半年和到达以色列后的连续三年每年一次。移民过程中的文化认同变化呈曲线变化。区分出三个阶段：移民前阶段对祖国的贬低和对移民国家的理想化，移民后第一年对接收国的幻想破灭和对祖国文化认同的加强，以及后期后移民阶段不一致的双文化认同的形成。在整个后移民时期，移民对接收国的态度比他们对祖国的态度更为积极；然而，移民对祖国的归属感比他们对接收国的归属感更强。移民前的文化认同和在接收国的感知歧视预测了移民的后移民文化认同。与来自种族混合家庭的移民相比，来自种族同质犹太家庭的移民对俄罗斯/乌克兰的态度更为消极，对以色列的态度更为积极，对俄罗斯/乌克兰的归属感也更为薄弱。
