Kawi J, Xu Y
Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-3018, USA.
Int Nurs Rev. 2009 Jun;56(2):174-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2008.00705.x.
There is a scarcity of research focusing on issues encountered by international nurses (INs) in their adjustment to foreign health-care environments. Increasingly, INs are relied upon to address staffing shortages in many Western countries. As such, it is vital to identify what facilitates and what the barriers are to the successful adjustment in order to assist their integration into new workplace environments.
This integrative review identifies facilitators and barriers encountered by INs as they adjust to foreign health-care environments.
Based on Cooper's Five Stages of Integrative Research Review, a systematic search of eight electronic databases was conducted, combined with hand and ancestral searches. Two authors independently reviewed each qualified study for relevance and significance. Subsequently, facilitators and barriers were identified and categorized into themes and subthemes.
Twenty-nine studies conducted in Australia, Canada, Iceland, UK and the USA were included in this review. Findings indicated that positive work ethic, persistence, psychosocial and logistical support, learning to be assertive and continuous learning facilitated the adjustment of INs to their new workplace environments. In contrast, language and communication difficulties, differences in culture-based lifeways, lack of support, inadequate orientation, differences in nursing practice and inequality were barriers.
The review findings provide the basis for the development and testing of an evidence-informed programme to facilitate the successful adjustment of INs to their new work environments.
目前针对国际护士（INs）在适应国外医疗环境过程中所遇到问题的研究较为匮乏。在许多西方国家，越来越依赖国际护士来解决人员短缺问题。因此，识别促进成功适应的因素以及障碍，对于帮助他们融入新的工作环境至关重要。
本整合性综述旨在识别国际护士在适应国外医疗环境时所遇到的促进因素和障碍。
基于库珀的整合性研究综述五个阶段，对八个电子数据库进行了系统检索，并结合手工检索和追溯检索。两位作者独立审查每项合格研究的相关性和重要性。随后，确定促进因素和障碍，并将其分类为主题和子主题。
本综述纳入了在澳大利亚、加拿大、冰岛、英国和美国进行的29项研究。结果表明，积极的职业道德、坚持不懈、心理社会和后勤支持、学会坚定自信以及持续学习有助于国际护士适应新的工作环境。相比之下，语言和沟通困难、基于文化的生活方式差异、缺乏支持、入职培训不足、护理实践差异以及不平等是障碍。
综述结果为制定和测试一项循证计划提供了依据，以促进国际护士成功适应新的工作环境。
