Health Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Patient Educ Couns. 2009 Sep;76(3):348-55. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.010. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
Systematic review of evidence about the impact of gender dyads on clinician-patient communication.
Search of Medline, CINAHL and PsychINFO (1960-2007) and the British Library of grey literature, and hand searching of Patient Education and Counselling and Social Science and Medicine (2005-2007), returning 648 articles. Ten studies met all inclusion criteria.
Gender dyads influenced the patient agendas elicited, talk content, communication style, non-verbal communication, the exhibition of power, and consultation length. Consultation length was studied and affected by gender dyads more frequently than any other phenomenon. Distinctive differences between the dyads were identified, largely as expected, but with some surprises. For example, female/female dyads were the most patient-centred, and had longer consultations containing the most talk. However they also contained the most bio-medical talk.
The evidence base is small, and a more rigorous approach to reporting quality indicators is needed. However, observed dyad differences may provide different opportunities for effective communication and clinical outcomes for patients. Further research with a primary focus on gender dyad effects is needed to test this.
Findings have implications for policy, healthcare organisations, and individual doctors alike, raising awareness about workforce issues and communication skills training needs in particular.
系统评价关于性别对医患沟通影响的证据。
检索 Medline、CINAHL 和 PsychINFO（1960-2007 年）以及英国图书馆灰色文献，并对手头的《患者教育与咨询》和《社会科学与医学》（2005-2007 年）进行手工检索，共返回 648 篇文章。符合所有纳入标准的有 10 项研究。
性别对患者提出的议程、谈话内容、沟通方式、非语言沟通、权力展示和咨询时间产生影响。咨询时间是研究最多且受性别影响的现象。识别出了性别对之间的明显差异，这在很大程度上是预期的，但也有一些惊喜。例如，女性/女性对最以患者为中心，咨询时间最长，包含的谈话最多。然而，它们也包含了最多的生物医学谈话。
证据基础较小，需要更严格的报告质量指标方法。然而，观察到的对之间的差异可能为患者提供不同的有效沟通和临床结果机会。需要进一步进行以性别对影响为主要重点的研究来对此进行测试。
研究结果对政策、医疗保健组织和个别医生都有影响，特别提高了对劳动力问题和沟通技巧培训需求的认识。
