Kelly Claire M, Jorm Anthony F, Kitchener Betty A
ORYGEN Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2009 Aug 10;9:49. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-9-49.
Panic attacks are common, and while they are not life-threatening events, they can lead to the development of panic disorder and agoraphobia. Appropriate help at the time that a panic attack occurs may decrease the fear associated with the attack and reduce the risk of developing an anxiety disorder. However, few people have the knowledge and skills required to assist. Simple first aid guidelines may help members of the public to offer help to people who experience panic attacks.
The Delphi method was used to reach consensus in a panel of experts. Experts included 50 professionals and 6 people who had experience of panic attacks and were active in mental health advocacy. Statements about how to assist someone who is having a panic attack were sourced through a systematic search of both professional and lay literature. These statements were rated for importance as first aid guidelines by the expert and consumer panels and guidelines were written using the items most consistently endorsed.
Of 144 statements presented to the panels, 27 were accepted. These statements were used to develop the guidelines appended to this paper.
There are a number of actions which are considered to be useful for members of the public to do if they encounter someone who is having a panic attack. These guidelines will be useful in revision of curricula of mental health first aid programs. They can also be used by members of the public who want immediate information about how to assist someone who is experiencing panic attacks.
惊恐发作很常见，虽然它们并非危及生命的事件，但可能导致惊恐障碍和广场恐惧症的发展。在惊恐发作发生时提供适当的帮助可能会减少与发作相关的恐惧，并降低患焦虑症的风险。然而，很少有人具备提供帮助所需的知识和技能。简单的急救指南可能有助于公众向经历惊恐发作的人提供帮助。
采用德尔菲法在专家小组中达成共识。专家包括50名专业人员和6名有惊恐发作经历且积极参与心理健康宣传的人。关于如何帮助正在经历惊恐发作的人的陈述是通过对专业文献和通俗文献的系统检索获得的。这些陈述由专家小组和消费者小组作为急救指南对其重要性进行评分，并使用最一致认可的项目编写指南。
提交给小组的144条陈述中，27条被接受。这些陈述被用于制定本文附录中的指南。
如果公众遇到正在经历惊恐发作的人，有一些行动被认为是有用的。这些指南将有助于修订心理健康急救项目的课程。它们也可供那些想要立即了解如何帮助经历惊恐发作的人的公众使用。
