Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2010 Jun 21;10:49. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-10-49.
People who experience traumatic events have an increased risk of developing a range of mental disorders. Appropriate early support from a member of the public, whether a friend, family member, co-worker or volunteer, may help to prevent the onset of a mental disorder or may minimise its severity. However, few people have the knowledge and skills required to assist. Simple guidelines may help members of the public to offer appropriate support when it is needed.
Guidelines were developed using the Delphi method to reach consensus in a panel of experts. Experts recruited to the panels included 37 professionals writing, planning or working clinically in the trauma area, and 17 consumer or carer advocates who had been affected by traumatic events. As input for the panels to consider, statements about how to assist someone who has experienced a traumatic event were sourced through a systematic search of both professional and lay literature. These statements were used to develop separate questionnaires about possible ways to assist adults and to assist children, and panel members answered either one questionnaire or both, depending on experience and expertise. The guidelines were written using the items most consistently endorsed by the panels across the three Delphi rounds.
There were 180 items relating to helping adults, of which 65 were accepted, and 155 items relating to helping children, of which 71 were accepted. These statements were used to develop the two sets of guidelines appended to this paper.
There are a number of actions which may be useful for members of the public when they encounter someone who has experienced a traumatic event, and it is possible that these actions may help prevent the development of some mental health problems in the future. Positive social support, a strong theme in these guidelines, has some evidence for effectiveness in developing mental health problems in people who have experienced traumatic events, but the degree to which it helps has not yet been adequately demonstrated. An evaluation of the effectiveness of these guidelines would be useful in determining their value. These guidelines may be useful to organisations who wish to develop or revise curricula of mental health first aid and trauma intervention training programs and policies. They may also be useful for members of the public who want immediate information about how to assist someone who has experienced a potentially traumatic event.
经历创伤性事件的人患一系列精神障碍的风险增加。来自公众的适当早期支持，无论是朋友、家人、同事还是志愿者，都可能有助于预防精神障碍的发生或减轻其严重程度。然而，很少有人具备提供帮助所需的知识和技能。简单的指南可以帮助公众在需要时提供适当的支持。
使用 Delphi 方法制定指南，以达成专家组的共识。专家小组包括 37 名从事创伤领域写作、规划或临床工作的专业人员，以及 17 名受创伤事件影响的消费者或护理人员倡导者。作为专家组考虑的输入，关于如何帮助经历创伤事件的人的陈述是通过对专业和非专业文献的系统搜索获得的。这些陈述被用于开发单独的关于如何帮助成年人和帮助儿童的问卷，根据经验和专业知识，小组成员回答一个或两个问卷。指南的编写使用了专家组在三轮 Delphi 中最一致认可的项目。
有 180 项与帮助成年人有关的项目，其中 65 项被接受，155 项与帮助儿童有关的项目，其中 71 项被接受。这些陈述被用于制定本文附录中的两套指南。
当公众遇到经历过创伤事件的人时，有一些行动可能对他们有用，并且这些行动可能有助于预防未来一些心理健康问题的发生。这些指南中的一个重要主题是积极的社会支持，它在预防经历过创伤事件的人发展心理健康问题方面有一定的证据，但它的帮助程度尚未得到充分证明。对这些指南的有效性进行评估将有助于确定其价值。这些指南可能对希望制定或修订心理健康急救和创伤干预培训计划和政策的组织有用。它们也可能对希望立即了解如何帮助经历过潜在创伤事件的人提供有用的信息。
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