Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2010 Feb;41(1):61-87. doi: 10.1007/s10578-009-0152-y. Epub 2009 Aug 8.
The present study examined the developmental trajectories of youth depression and anxiety symptoms from 6th through 12th grade in a low-income, urban sample (N = 141; mean age = 11.75 years; 88.7% African American). The study also tested the independent contribution of parent mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders assessed in early childhood to initial levels and rate of change in depression and anxiety symptoms from 6th through 12th grade. Possible gender differences in symptom course and strength of parent psychopathology predictors were examined using multiple-group analysis. Results indicated that depression symptoms declined over time for males, whereas depression symptoms initially declined, but then increased for females. In contrast, male and female adolescents each showed a decline in anxiety symptoms throughout adolescence. Findings also indicated that parent mood disorders were the only predictor of youth depression and anxiety symptoms for male and female adolescents in 6th grade. Parent anxiety disorders uniquely predicted the rate of change in depression symptoms among male adolescents. These results underscore the importance of targeting parents with mood and anxiety disorders in urban families in order to reduce the risk for internalizing difficulties in their adolescent youth.
本研究考察了一个低收入城市样本（N=141；平均年龄=11.75 岁；88.7%为非裔美国人）从 6 年级到 12 年级期间青少年抑郁和焦虑症状的发展轨迹。该研究还测试了在儿童早期评估的父母情绪障碍、焦虑障碍和物质使用障碍对 6 年级至 12 年级期间抑郁和焦虑症状初始水平和变化率的独立贡献。使用多组分析检验了症状过程和父母精神病理学预测因子的强度方面可能存在的性别差异。结果表明，男性的抑郁症状随时间推移而下降，而女性的抑郁症状最初下降，但随后又上升。相比之下，男性和女性青少年的焦虑症状在整个青春期都有所下降。研究结果还表明，在 6 年级时，父母的情绪障碍是男性和女性青少年抑郁和焦虑症状的唯一预测因素。父母的焦虑障碍是男性青少年抑郁症状变化率的唯一预测因素。这些结果强调了针对城市家庭中患有情绪和焦虑障碍的父母的重要性，以降低其青少年内在困难的风险。
