Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Kansas Street, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, USA.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Nov;12(6):653-60. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283308dd6.
To examine current evidence for dietary supplementation with zinc and other micronutrients for primary prevention of multiple micronutrient deficiencies that are known to result from therapies used in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders.
Epidemiological observations and clinical findings have strengthened the concept that both nutritional deficiencies and nutritional excesses impair the gastrointestinal response(s) and alter susceptibility to inflammation and other diseases. The interaction of micronutrient intake, biochemical indicators of nutritional status, and four specific gastrointestinal inflammation states are reviewed. These conditions include celiac disease and concomitant micronutrient deficiencies resulting from the sustained adherence to a gluten-free diet; micronutrient nutrition as an important determinant of immunity for two major types of inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; and HIV/AIDS-related diarrhea and concomitant micronutrient deficiencies which may be exacerbated by the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
For each inflammation 'state', enhancement of micronutrient status can improve immunocompetance and minimize therapeutic side-effects. The impact of single-micronutrient deficiencies on immune responses, and the possible impact of uncorrected micronutrient status are discussed.
研究目前关于膳食补充锌和其他微量营养素以预防多种已知由胃肠道炎症性疾病治疗中使用的疗法引起的微量营养素缺乏症的证据。
流行病学观察和临床发现加强了这样一种概念，即营养缺乏和营养过剩都会损害胃肠道反应，并改变对炎症和其他疾病的易感性。本文回顾了微量营养素摄入、营养状况的生化指标以及四种特定胃肠道炎症状态之间的相互作用。这些情况包括乳糜泻和由于持续坚持无麸质饮食而导致的伴随微量营养素缺乏症；微量营养素营养是两种主要类型的炎症性肠病：溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病的重要免疫决定因素；以及与 HIV/AIDS 相关的腹泻和伴随的微量营养素缺乏症，这可能因开始高效抗逆转录病毒治疗而加重。
对于每种炎症“状态”，增强微量营养素状态可以提高免疫能力并最大程度地减少治疗副作用。讨论了单一微量营养素缺乏症对免疫反应的影响，以及未纠正的微量营养素状态的可能影响。
