Odaira F, Takahashi H, Toyokawa T, Tsuchihashi Y, Kodama T, Yahata Y, Sunagawa T, Taniguchi K, Okabe N
National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo, Japan.
Euro Surveill. 2009 Sep 3;14(35):19320.
This report describes the assessment of the secondary attack rate (SAR) and the effectiveness of post-exposure antiviral prophylaxis among household contacts in the first domestic outbreak of a novel influenza A(H1N1)v between mid-May and early June 2009 in Kobe city, Japan. Of the 293 subjects, 14 (4.8%) household contacts met the case definition and most secondary cases were probably infected around the time of symptom onset date of the respective index case. The SAR among household contacts who did not receive prophylaxis was 7.6%, similar to the rate of seasonal influenza, and the attack rate in siblings was significantly higher than that in parents. We conclude that it is important to establish routine infection control measures for households in order to prevent the spread of the virus among household contacts and, possibly, to the community. We could not conclude whether antiviral prophylaxis was effective or not. However, among close contacts with underlying disease who received prophylaxis, nobody developed a severe form of the disease.
本报告描述了2009年5月中旬至6月初日本神户市首次国内新型甲型H1N1流感病毒爆发期间，对家庭接触者的二代发病率（SAR）及暴露后抗病毒预防效果的评估。在293名受试者中，14名（4.8%）家庭接触者符合病例定义，且多数二代病例可能是在各自首例病例症状出现日期前后被感染。未接受预防措施的家庭接触者的二代发病率为7.6%，与季节性流感发病率相似，兄弟姐妹中的感染率显著高于父母。我们得出结论，为防止病毒在家庭接触者之间以及可能在社区中传播，为家庭建立常规感染控制措施很重要。我们无法得出抗病毒预防措施是否有效的结论。然而，在接受预防措施的有基础疾病的密切接触者中，无人发展为重症疾病。
