Pass R F, Hutto C, Lyon M D, Cloud G
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Medicine.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1990 Jul;9(7):465-70. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199007000-00003.
Child care workers are potentially at risk for occupational exposure to cytomegalovirus, the leading cause of congenital infection in the United States. Preschool children often shed cytomegalovirus and commonly transmit virus to peers and parents. Workers from 32 day care centers were enrolled and tested for serum antibody to cytomegalovirus; 318 (62.5%) were seropositive. By logistic regression analysis the only variables significantly (P less than 0.05) associated with seropositivity at enrollment were older age and nonwhite race, though contact with younger children (less than 2 years of age) attained a P value of 0.06. Follow-up sera were obtained at 6-month intervals from 82 initially seronegative workers; 19 seroconverted in a median interval of 14 months, a rate of 20%/year, approximately 10-fold higher than the expected rate. The only demographic or employment variable associated with seroconversion was contact with children younger than 3 years of age for at least 20 hours per week (P = 0.03). Day care center workers have a markedly increased risk for acquisition of cytomegalovirus; those who could become pregnant should be appropriately counseled regarding prevention and consequences of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy.
在美国，儿童保育工作者有职业暴露于巨细胞病毒的潜在风险，巨细胞病毒是先天性感染的主要病因。学龄前儿童常排出巨细胞病毒，并通常将病毒传播给同伴和父母。招募了来自32个日托中心的工作人员，并检测其血清巨细胞病毒抗体；318人（62.5%）血清呈阳性。通过逻辑回归分析，在入组时与血清阳性显著相关（P<0.05）的唯一变量是年龄较大和非白人种族，不过与年龄较小（小于2岁）儿童接触的P值为0.06。对82名最初血清阴性的工作人员每隔6个月采集随访血清；19人发生血清转化，中位间隔时间为14个月，年发生率为20%，约为预期发生率的10倍。与血清转化相关的唯一人口统计学或就业变量是每周与3岁以下儿童接触至少20小时（P=0.03）。日托中心工作人员感染巨细胞病毒的风险显著增加；对那些可能怀孕的工作人员，应就孕期预防巨细胞病毒感染及其后果给予适当的咨询。
