Bourrilhon Cyprien, Philippe Mathieu, Chennaoui Mounir, Van Beers Pascal, Lepers Romauld, Dussault Caroline, Guezennec Charles Y, Gomez-Merino Danielle
Department of Physiology, IMASSA, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2009 Fall;20(3):225-33. doi: 10.1580/08-WEME-OR-217R3.1.
Accurate reports of energy expenditure (EE) during prolonged mountaineering activity are sparse. The purpose of this study was to estimate EE during a winter ultraendurance climbing race and individual mountaineering activities in Mont Blanc, France.
Seven days before the race, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2(max)) were measured in 10 experienced male climbers (30.0 +/- 0.9 years). Three days before (reference period) and during the race, heart rate (HR) was recorded for estimation of total daily EE (TDEE), and the type and duration of all activities were collected through questionnaires. Total DEE was calculated by adding DEE during sleep (DEE sleep), sedentary (DEE sedentary), and during exercise (DEE exercise). Daily energy expenditure during exercise was determined through assumption of the rectilinear relationship between heart rate (HR) and Vo2. Anthropometric measurements were performed 7 days before, just before, and immediately after the race.
Total time of the race averaged approximately 29 hours and 29 minutes, including 11 hours and 24 minutes in the hut, plus 18 hours and 5 minutes dedicated to climbing. During the race, TDEE was 43.6 +/- 1.2 MJ x d(-1). Energy expenditures for cross-country skiing and alpine climbing were similar (57.3 +/- 2.1 kJ x min(-1) and 54.0 +/- 2.9 kJ x min(-1), respectively). An energy deficit of 33.5 +/- 2.3 MJ resulted after the race, with a mean weight loss of 1.52 +/- 0.31 kg (P < .001).
Experienced climbers expended a high level of energy during a winter ultraendurance alpine climbing race at moderate altitude under high degrees of difficulty and risk exposure. These results provide comparative data on the energy cost of the main mountaineering activities during a race: cross-country skiing and alpine climbing.
关于长时间登山活动中能量消耗（EE）的准确报告较为稀少。本研究的目的是估计法国勃朗峰冬季超耐力登山比赛及个人登山活动期间的能量消耗。
在比赛前7天，对10名经验丰富的男性登山者（30.0±0.9岁）测量静息代谢率（RMR）和最大摄氧量（Vo2(max)）。在比赛前3天（参考期）和比赛期间，记录心率（HR）以估计每日总能量消耗（TDEE），并通过问卷收集所有活动的类型和持续时间。总能量消耗通过将睡眠期间的能量消耗（DEE睡眠）、久坐时的能量消耗（DEE久坐）和运动期间的能量消耗（DEE运动）相加来计算。运动期间的每日能量消耗通过假设心率（HR）与Vo2之间的直线关系来确定。在比赛前7天、比赛即将开始前和比赛结束后立即进行人体测量。
比赛总时长平均约为29小时29分钟，其中在小屋内的时间为11小时24分钟，用于攀登的时间为18小时5分钟。比赛期间，TDEE为43.6±1.2 MJ×d(-1)。越野滑雪和高山攀登的能量消耗相似（分别为57.3±2.1 kJ×min(-1)和54.0±2.9 kJ×min(-1)）。比赛后出现了33.5±2.3 MJ的能量 deficit，平均体重减轻1.52±0.3 kg（P<.001）。
经验丰富的登山者在中等海拔、高难度和高风险暴露的冬季超耐力高山攀登比赛中消耗了大量能量。这些结果提供了比赛期间主要登山活动（越野滑雪和高山攀登）能量消耗的比较数据。
