Dennis Elizabeth A, Flack Kyle D, Davy Brenda M
Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, United States.
Eat Behav. 2009 Dec;10(4):237-46. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.07.006. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
Total energy consumption among United States adults has increased in recent decades, and energy-containing beverages are a significant contributor to this increase. Because beverages are less satiating than solid foods, consumption of energy-containing beverages may increase energy intake and lead to weight gain; trends in food and beverage consumption coinciding with increases in overweight and obesity support this possibility. The purpose of this review is to present what is known about the effect of beverage consumption on short-term (i.e., meal) energy intake, as well as longer-term effects on body weight. Specific beverages addressed include water, other energy-free beverages (diet soft drinks, coffee and tea), and energy-containing beverages (soft drinks, juices and juice drinks, milk and soy beverages, alcohol). Existing evidence, albeit limited, suggests that encouraging water consumption, and substituting water and other energy-free beverages (diet soft drinks, coffee and tea) for energy-containing beverages may facilitate weight management. Energy-containing beverages acutely increase energy intake, however long-term effects on body weight are uncertain. While there may be health benefits for some beverage categories, additional energy provided by beverages should be compensated for by reduced consumption of other foods in the diet.
近几十年来，美国成年人的总能量消耗有所增加，含能量饮料是这一增长的重要促成因素。由于饮料的饱腹感不如固体食物，饮用含能量饮料可能会增加能量摄入并导致体重增加；与超重和肥胖增加同时出现的食品和饮料消费趋势支持了这种可能性。本综述的目的是介绍关于饮料消费对短期（即进餐时）能量摄入的影响以及对体重的长期影响的已知情况。所涉及的具体饮料包括水、其他无能量饮料（无糖软饮料、咖啡和茶）以及含能量饮料（软饮料、果汁和果汁饮料、牛奶和大豆饮料、酒精饮料）。现有证据虽然有限，但表明鼓励饮水，并用饮用水和其他无能量饮料（无糖软饮料、咖啡和茶）替代含能量饮料可能有助于体重管理。含能量饮料会急性增加能量摄入，然而其对体重的长期影响尚不确定。虽然某些饮料类别可能对健康有益，但饮料提供的额外能量应通过减少饮食中其他食物的摄入量来抵消。
