Bronckers A L J J, Lyaruu D M, DenBesten P K
Department of Oral Cell Biology, ACTA, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Dent Res. 2009 Oct;88(10):877-93. doi: 10.1177/0022034509343280.
Intake of excess amounts of fluoride during tooth development cause enamel fluorosis, a developmental disturbance that makes enamel more porous. In mild fluorosis, there are white opaque striations across the enamel surface, whereas in more severe cases, the porous regions increase in size, with enamel pitting, and secondary discoloration of the enamel surface. The effects of fluoride on enamel formation suggest that fluoride affects the enamel-forming cells, the ameloblasts. Studies investigating the effects of fluoride on ameloblasts and the mechanisms of fluorosis are based on in vitro cultures as well as animal models. The use of these model systems requires a biologically relevant fluoride dose, and must be carefully interpreted in relation to human tooth formation. Based on these studies, we propose that fluoride can directly affect the ameloblasts, particularly at high fluoride levels, while at lower fluoride levels, the ameloblasts may respond to local effects of fluoride on the mineralizing matrix. A new working model is presented, focused on the assumption that fluoride increases the rate of mineral formation, resulting in a greater release of protons into the forming enamel matrix.
在牙齿发育期间摄入过量氟会导致牙釉质氟中毒，这是一种发育障碍，会使牙釉质变得更多孔。在轻度氟中毒中，牙釉质表面会出现白色不透明条纹，而在更严重的情况下，多孔区域会增大，出现牙釉质凹陷以及牙釉质表面继发性变色。氟对牙釉质形成的影响表明，氟会影响形成牙釉质的细胞，即成釉细胞。研究氟对成釉细胞的影响以及氟中毒机制的研究基于体外培养和动物模型。使用这些模型系统需要生物学相关的氟剂量，并且必须结合人类牙齿形成情况进行仔细解读。基于这些研究，我们提出氟可以直接影响成釉细胞，尤其是在高氟水平时，而在低氟水平时，成釉细胞可能会对氟对矿化基质的局部影响做出反应。本文提出了一个新的工作模型，其重点假设是氟会增加矿物质形成的速率，从而导致更多质子释放到正在形成的牙釉质基质中。
