May Michael E, Kennedy Craig H
Educational Psychology and Special Education, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale,IL 62901, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2009 Mar;91(2):185-96. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2009.91-185.
There is evidence suggesting aggression may be a positive reinforcer in many species. However, only a few studies have examined the characteristics of aggression as a positive reinforcer in mice. Four types of reinforcement schedules were examined in the current experiment using male Swiss CFW albino mice in a resident-intruder model of aggression as a positive reinforcer. A nose poke response on an operant conditioning panel was reinforced under fixed-ratio (FR 8), fixed-interval (FI 5-min), progressive ratio (PR 2), or differential reinforcement of low rate behavior reinforcement schedules (DRL 40-s and DRL 80-s). In the FR conditions, nose pokes were maintained by aggression and extinguished when the aggression contingency was removed. There were long postreinforcement pauses followed by bursts of responses with short interresponse times (IRTs). In the FI conditions, nose pokes were maintained by aggression, occurred more frequently as the interval elapsed, and extinguished when the contingency was removed. In the PR conditions, nose pokes were maintained by aggression, postreinforcement pauses increased as the ratio requirement increased, and responding was extinguished when the aggression contingency was removed. In the DRL conditions, the nose poke rate decreased, while the proportional distributions of IRTs and postreinforcement pauses shifted toward longer durations as the DRL interval increased. However, most responses occurred before the minimum IRT interval elapsed, suggesting weak temporal control of behavior. Overall, the findings suggest aggression can be a positive reinforcer for nose poke responses in mice on ratio- and time-based reinforcement schedules.
有证据表明，攻击行为在许多物种中可能是一种积极强化物。然而，只有少数研究考察了攻击行为作为小鼠积极强化物的特征。在当前实验中，使用雄性瑞士CFW白化小鼠，在攻击行为作为积极强化物的居住者-入侵者模型中，研究了四种强化程序。在固定比率（FR 8）、固定间隔（FI 5分钟）、累进比率（PR 2）或低速率行为强化程序的差异强化（DRL 40秒和DRL 80秒）条件下，对操作性条件反射面板上的鼻触反应进行强化。在FR条件下，鼻触行为通过攻击行为得以维持，当攻击行为的偶联被移除时则消退。强化后有较长的停顿，随后是反应爆发，反应间隔时间（IRT）较短。在FI条件下，鼻触行为通过攻击行为得以维持，随着间隔时间的推移发生得更频繁，当偶联被移除时则消退。在PR条件下，鼻触行为通过攻击行为得以维持，强化后的停顿随着比率要求的增加而增加，当攻击行为的偶联被移除时反应则消退。在DRL条件下，鼻触速率下降，而IRT和强化后停顿的比例分布随着DRL间隔的增加而向更长的持续时间转移。然而，大多数反应发生在最短IRT间隔结束之前，这表明行为的时间控制较弱。总体而言，研究结果表明，在基于比率和时间的强化程序中，攻击行为可以成为小鼠鼻触反应的积极强化物。
