Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Biotechnol Prog. 2009 Nov-Dec;25(6):1539-60. doi: 10.1002/btpr.246.
Critical-sized defects in bone, whether induced by primary tumor resection, trauma, or selective surgery have in many cases presented insurmountable challenges to the current gold standard treatment for bone repair. The primary purpose of a tissue-engineered scaffold is to use engineering principles to incite and promote the natural healing process of bone which does not occur in critical-sized defects. A synthetic bone scaffold must be biocompatible, biodegradable to allow native tissue integration, and mimic the multidimensional hierarchical structure of native bone. In addition to being physically and chemically biomimetic, an ideal scaffold is capable of eluting bioactive molecules (e.g., BMPs, TGF-betas, etc., to accelerate extracellular matrix production and tissue integration) or drugs (e.g., antibiotics, cisplatin, etc., to prevent undesired biological response such as sepsis or cancer recurrence) in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Various biomaterials including ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites have been investigated for their potential as bone scaffold materials. However, due to their tunable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and controllable biodegradability, polymers have emerged as the principal material in bone tissue engineering. This article briefly reviews the physiological and anatomical characteristics of native bone, describes key technologies in mimicking the physical and chemical environment of bone using synthetic materials, and provides an overview of local drug delivery as it pertains to bone tissue engineering is included.
在许多情况下，无论是原发性肿瘤切除、创伤还是选择性手术引起的临界尺寸骨缺损，都对当前骨修复的金标准治疗方法提出了难以克服的挑战。组织工程支架的主要目的是利用工程原理引发和促进骨的自然愈合过程，而这种过程在临界尺寸缺陷中不会发生。合成骨支架必须具有生物相容性、可生物降解以允许天然组织整合，并模拟天然骨的多维层次结构。除了具有物理和化学仿生特性外，理想的支架还能够以时空可控的方式洗脱生物活性分子（例如 BMPs、TGF-betas 等，以加速细胞外基质的产生和组织整合）或药物（例如抗生素、顺铂等，以防止不受欢迎的生物学反应，如败血症或癌症复发）。已经研究了各种生物材料，包括陶瓷、金属、聚合物和复合材料，以评估它们作为骨支架材料的潜力。然而，由于其可调谐的物理化学性质、生物相容性和可控制的生物降解性，聚合物已成为骨组织工程中的主要材料。本文简要回顾了天然骨的生理和解剖学特征，描述了使用合成材料模拟骨的物理和化学环境的关键技术，并概述了局部药物输送在骨组织工程中的应用。
