Graduate Studies in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
Curr Microbiol. 2010 Feb;60(2):143-55. doi: 10.1007/s00284-009-9518-4. Epub 2009 Oct 22.
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative micro-aerophilic bacterium that is widely distributed geographically and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Bacterial virulence factors play an important role, since the virulent strains are more aggressive and increase the risk of developing severe clinical manifestations; in addition, other determinant factors are the nutritional state and the immune response of the host. Studies on humans, non-human primates, and rodents have reported that regulating proteins of the Th1 phenotype predominate in the immune response to the bacterial infection. The cytokines produced by this phenotype, are not very effective in eradicating the microorganism and furthermore, contribute to gastro-duodenal pathogenesis. Gastric inflammation in patients infected with H. pylori has been characterized by increased production of IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. Many prophylactic and therapeutic strategies have been researched using experimental animals. The utilization and effectiveness of vaccination on humans requires more study.
幽门螺杆菌是一种广泛分布于全球的革兰氏阴性微需氧菌，可引起慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃腺癌和黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤。细菌毒力因子起着重要作用，因为毒力菌株更具侵袭性，增加了发生严重临床表现的风险；此外，其他决定因素还有宿主的营养状态和免疫反应。在人类、非人类灵长类动物和啮齿动物中的研究表明，Th1 表型的调节蛋白在针对细菌感染的免疫反应中占主导地位。这种表型产生的细胞因子在清除微生物方面效果不佳，并且会导致胃十二指肠发病机制。感染幽门螺杆菌的患者的胃炎症表现为白细胞介素 1、白细胞介素 6、白细胞介素 12、白细胞介素 18、肿瘤坏死因子-α和干扰素-γ的产生增加。已经使用实验动物研究了许多预防和治疗策略。疫苗在人类中的应用和有效性需要更多的研究。
