School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Nov;35(6):1545-51. doi: 10.1037/a0017010.
What drives forgetting in working memory? Recent evidence suggests that in a complex-span task in which an irrelevant processing task alternates with presentation of the memoranda, recall declines when the time taken to complete the processing task is extended while holding the time for rehearsal in between processing steps constant (Portrat, Barrouillet, & Camos, 2008). This time-based forgetting was interpreted in support for the role of time-based decay in working memory. In this article, we argue the contrary position by (a) showing in an experiment that the processing task in Portrat et al.'s (2008) study gave rise to uncontrolled post-error processes that occupied the attentional bottleneck, thus preventing restorative rehearsal, and (b) showing that when those post-error processes are statistically controlled, there is no evidence for temporal decay in Portrat et al.'s study. We conclude that currently there exists no direct evidence for temporal decay in the complex-span paradigm.
是什么导致工作记忆中的遗忘？最近的证据表明，在一项复杂的记忆任务中，当处理任务的完成时间延长，而在处理步骤之间保持排练时间不变时，回忆会下降（Portrat、Barrouillet 和 Camos，2008）。这种基于时间的遗忘被解释为支持工作记忆中基于时间的衰退的作用。在本文中，我们通过（a）在实验中表明，Portrat 等人（2008 年）研究中的处理任务导致了不受控制的后错误过程，这些过程占据了注意力瓶颈，从而阻止了恢复性排练，以及（b）表明当那些后错误过程在统计上得到控制时，Portrat 等人的研究中没有时间衰减的证据，来支持相反的观点。我们的结论是，目前在复杂记忆任务中没有直接证据表明存在时间衰减。
