瑞典一项高级药学实践经验（APPE）后学生反思的相关因素研究
Factors associated with reflection among students after an advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in Sweden.
机构信息
Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
出版信息
Am J Pharm Educ. 2009 Oct 1;73(6):107. doi: 10.5688/aj7306107.
OBJECTIVE
To identify individual and social factors associated with pharmacy students' level of reflection in an advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE).
METHODS
A postal questionnaire, including a reflective assignment, was sent to all pharmacy interns (n=262) at Uppsala University, Sweden, for 4 semesters in 2005-2007.
RESULTS
In a univariate analysis, 7 factors were found to be associated with students' level of reflection. After controlling for covariates, 3 social factors were found to be independently associated with reflection: having a formal preceptor (OR=5.3), being at a small pharmacy (OR=19.8), and students' perception of the importance of discussing critical thinking with the preceptor (OR=1.2). No correlation could be observed between level of reflection and critical thinking, nor learning style.
CONCLUSION
Social components seem to be of higher importance than individual components in students' reflective levels after pharmacy internship experience. Trained preceptors are important to foster reflection skills.
目的
确定与药学专业学生在高级药学实践经验（APPE）中反思水平相关的个体和社会因素。
方法
2005-2007 年，向瑞典乌普萨拉大学的所有药学实习生（n=262）发送了一份包含反思作业的邮寄问卷。
结果
在单因素分析中，发现有 7 个因素与学生的反思水平相关。在控制了协变量后，发现 3 个社会因素与反思独立相关：有正式导师（OR=5.3）、在小药房工作（OR=19.8）以及学生认为与导师讨论批判性思维的重要性（OR=1.2）。在实习经验后，无法观察到反思水平与批判性思维或学习风格之间存在相关性。
结论
在药学实习经验后，社会因素似乎比个体因素对学生的反思水平更重要。接受过培训的导师对于培养反思技能非常重要。
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