Gruskin Sofia, Ferguson Laura, Peersman Greet, Rugg Deborah
Program on International Health and Human Rights, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Dec;52 Suppl 2:S104-10. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181baeeac.
Every country in the world has made human rights-related commitments in relation to HIV, yet assessment of the extent to which HIV-related rights are indeed respected, protected and fulfilled remains relatively new. Civil society has, in some places, highlighted the strengths and shortcomings of government action, but attention to governments' own reports of their performance vis-à-vis their HIV-related human rights obligations offers an important and inadequately explored data source.
We reviewed National Composite Policy Index data from 133 United Nations General Assembly Special Session Country Progress Reports and examined their narrative reports for text relating to human rights.
2008 National Composite Policy Index data show an increase in the number of countries reporting on human rights issues since 2006. These reports offer important information, even when they are internally inconsistent. Almost all reporting countries (94%) note that their national HIV policies explicitly mention the promotion and protection of human rights, yet only 22% of these countries report performance indicators to assess human rights compliance. In addition, 71% of countries report protective laws or regulations for vulnerable subpopulations, yet 63% of those same countries report the existence of laws or policies that hinder access to HIV services for vulnerable subpopulations.
Because they include data that have been provided or approved by governments, the United Nations General Assembly Special Session Country Reports provide critical information to support national legal and policy reform and implementation of a human rights-based approach to HIV. By identifying shortcomings in the fulfillment of human rights, a refocusing of efforts is possible, which can aid both governments and civil society in achieving an effective and appropriate response to HIV through advocacy for and implementation of laws, policies and programs that support human rights.
世界上每个国家都在与艾滋病毒相关的问题上做出了与人权有关的承诺，但对艾滋病毒相关权利在多大程度上得到真正尊重、保护和履行的评估仍相对较新。在一些地方，民间社会突出了政府行动的优点和缺点，但关注政府自己关于其在艾滋病毒相关人权义务方面表现的报告提供了一个重要且未得到充分探索的数据源。
我们审查了133份联合国大会特别会议国家进展报告中的国家综合政策指数数据，并检查了它们的叙述性报告中与人权相关的文本。
2008年国家综合政策指数数据显示，自2006年以来，报告人权问题的国家数量有所增加。这些报告提供了重要信息，即使它们内部存在不一致。几乎所有报告国家（94%）都指出其国家艾滋病毒政策明确提及促进和保护人权，但这些国家中只有22%报告了用于评估人权合规情况的绩效指标。此外，71%的国家报告了针对脆弱亚人群体的保护法律或法规，但这些国家中有63%报告存在阻碍脆弱亚人群体获得艾滋病毒服务的法律或政策。
由于联合国大会特别会议国家报告包含了由政府提供或批准的数据，它们提供了关键信息，以支持国家法律和政策改革以及实施基于人权的艾滋病毒应对方法。通过确定人权履行方面的不足，可以重新调整努力方向，这有助于政府和民间社会通过倡导和实施支持人权的法律、政策和方案，有效且适当地应对艾滋病毒。
